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1931 Kashmir Agitation
A widespread agitation throughout the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in British Raj occurred in 1931 against the Maharaja's government. The Maharaja was forced to appoint the Glancy Commission to investigate the people's concerns. Various political reforms were adopted including the introduction of the Jammu and Kashmir Praja Sabha (legislative assembly). The movement also saw the rise of Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah as the leader of Kashmiris. The movement was funded by some well-to-do Muslim Zaildars and business houses. Events On 13 July 1931, thousands of Kashmiris flocked to the central jail in Srinagar to see the trial of Abdul Qadeer. As the time for obligatory ''Zuhr'' prayer approached, a Kashmiri stood up to deliver the adhan. The Dogra governor, Raizada Tartilok Chand, ordered his soldiers to open fire on them, total 22 Kashmiris died in the firing. The people carried the dead through the streets of Maharajganj, Srinagar, chanting slogans opposing Dogra brutality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghulam Hussain Rather
Ghulam ( ar, غلام, ) is an Arabic word meaning ''servant'', ''assistant'', ''boy'', or ''youth''. It is used to describe young servants in paradise. It is also used to refer to slave-soldiers in the Abbasid, Ottoman, Safavid and to a lesser extent, Mughal empires, as described in the article ''Ghilman'', which is the plural form of the word. It is traditionally used as the first element of compounded Muslim male given names, meaning ''servant of ...'', mostly in Persian (where it is pronounced ) and in Urdu. In both Persian and Urdu, the particle ''al-'' is not used with ''ghulam'' (unlike compounds formed with '' ʿabd''; e.g. ''Gholammohammad'', ''Gholamhoseyn'', ''Gholamali''... and ''Abd al-Muhammad'', ''Abd al-Husayn'', ''Abd al-Ali''...). Since the 20th century, ''Ghulam'' has also been used as an independent given name and surname. People with the given name (not in compound) *Ghulam Bombaywala, Pakistani-American restaurateur * Ghulam Ali Chowdhury (1824–1888), B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jammu
Jammu is the winter capital of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir. It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district of the union territory. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi River, Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of , is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the Indo-Gangetic Plain, northern-plains in the south. Jammu is the second most populous city of the union territory. Three battles have been fought in the city: first by the founder Raja Mal Dev against Timur in Battle of Jammu (1399), second by Sardar Bhag Singh against Mughal army in Battle of Jammu (1712) and the third by Mian Dido & Maharaja Gulab Singh against Ranjit Singh's army in Battle of Jammu (1808). Known as the ''City of Temples'' for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines, Jammu is the most visited place in the union territory. Jammu city shares its borders with the neighbouring Samba district. Etymology According to local tradit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazhar Ali Azhar
Mazhar Ali Azhar (13 March 1895 – 4 November 1974) was a politician in British Raj, British India and later Pakistan, and one of the founders of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam. He was elected three times to the Punjab Legislative Assembly (British India), Punjab Assembly, took part in the Madhe Sahaba Agitation in Lucknow, and became a prominent opposition to the partition of India, opponent to the partition of India. Early life He was born on 13 March 1895 in Batala, Punjab Province (British India), Punjab, British Raj, British India. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Government College University, Lahore in 1915 and later earned a Bachelor of Laws in 1917. He began practising as a lawyer in 1918. He was born into a Shia Islam, Shia family but later joined the Deobandi movement within Sunni Islam and ran a madrassa and mosque in Gurdaspur. Being a close companion of Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari, Syed Attaullah Shah Bukhari, he joined Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam, an offshoot of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durbar (court)
Durbar is a Persian-derived term (from fa, دربار - ''darbār'') meaning the kings’ or rulers’ noble court or a formal meeting where the king held all discussions regarding the state. It was used in India for a ruler's court or feudal levy as the latter came to be ruled and later administered by foreigners. A durbar may be either a feudal state council for administering the affairs of a princely state, or a purely ceremonial gathering, as in the time of the British Empire in India. The most famous Durbars belonged to great Emperors and Kings. In the north of India cities like Baroda, Gwalior, Udaipur, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Jaiselmer, and Agra and the city of Lahore in Pakistan, have palaces and forts that adorn such magnificent halls. The Mughal Emperor Akbar had two halls; one for his ministers and the other for the general public. Usually Durbar halls are lavishly decorated with the best possible materials available at the time. In the south of India, the Mysore Palace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas
Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas (4 February 1904 – 18 December 1967) was a leading politician of Jammu and Kashmir and the President of the Muslim Conference party. After his migration to Pakistan administered Kashmir in 1947, he became the head of the Azad Kashmir (AJK) government. Early life and career Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas was born in a middle-class Rajput family of Chaudhry Nawab Khan on 4 February 1904 at Jammu. He graduated from the Prince of Wales College, Jammu. He received his law degree from the Lahore Law College and started his career as a lawyer in Jammu. He was offered a position of Sub-Judge but he refused to serve the Dogra Raj in Kashmir. He reorganized the socio-political organization Young Men’s Muslim Association, which was established earlier in 1909 and was the only platform that Muslims were using to raise their political voice in Jammu and Kashmir. This organization held some massive demonstrations against the Dogra rule. As a result, the Association became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghulam Ahmad Ashai
Khwaja Ghulam Ahmad Ashai (Arabic: غولم أحمد أشي) was an Indian Kashmiri bureaucrat and political leader. Life He was the grandson of Rayees-ul-Waqt Hajji Mukhthar Shah Ashai. In reward for his service and academic achievements, Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah appointed Ghulam Ahmad Ashai as the first Registrar of the University of Kashmir, both for academic and administrative matters, from 1948 to 1953. He led the first convocation of the University of Kashmir at Sher-e-Kashmir (Lion of Kashmir) Park and was followed by a distinguished panel including the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru and the Pro-Indian Sheikh Abdullah. Ashai's involvement with Kashmir University started when he was appointed as the Special Officer assigned with the responsibility of starting Kashmir's first university. Ashai spent the next two years touring universities across India building up strategic ties and relations with renowned and established universities. In the 1980 Sheikh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirwaiz Yusuf Shah
Mirwaiz Muhammad Yusuf Shah (19 February 1894 – 12 December 1968) was a mirwaiz of Kashmir. He also served as a President of Azad Kashmir. Early life Yusuf Shah was born on 19 February 1894 (13 Shaban 1311 Hijri) at Rajauri kadal to Ghulam Rasool Shah. In 1925, Shah started his education with Darul Uloom Deoband, where he was taught the hadith by Anwar Shah Kashmiri. In 1931, he succeeded Attiqullah as the ''mirwaiz'' of Kashmir. Political career In 1932, Mirwaiz Muhammad Yusuf Shah along with Sheikh Abdullah and Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas founded the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference to oppose the king Maharaja Hari Singh's rule. However, after a year, conflicts occurred between Abdullah and Muhammad Yusuf Shah. In order to expand the group, Abdullah wanted to allow people of other religions to join it. This was opposed by Muhammad Yusuf Shah who felt that he was "betraying the cause of the Muslims". Consequently, Abdullah founded the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheikh Abdullah
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah (5 December 1905 – 8 September 1982) was an Indian politician who played a central role in the politics of Jammu and Kashmir Abdullah was the founding leader of the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference (later renamed Jammu and Kashmir National Conference) and the 1st elected Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir after its accession to India. He agitated against the rule of the Maharaja Hari Singh and urged self-rule for Kashmir. He served as the 1st elected Prime Minister of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir and was later jailed and exiled. He was dismissed from the position of Prime Ministership on 8 August 1953 and Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed as the new Prime Minister. The expressions 'Sadr-i-Riyasat' and 'Prime Minister' were replaced with the terms 'Governor' and 'Chief Minister' in 1965. Sheikh Abdullah again became the Chief Minister of the state following the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord and remained in the top slot till his dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hari Singh
Maharaja Sir Hari Singh (September 1895 – 26 April 1961) was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir (princely state), Jammu and Kashmir. Hari Singh was the son of Amar Singh and Bhotiali Chib. In 1923, following his uncle's death, Singh became the new Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. After Indian Independence Act 1947, Indian Independence in 1947, Singh wanted Jammu and Kashmir to remain as an independent kingdom. He was required to accede to the Dominion of India to get the support of Indian troops against an invasion by tribal armed men and the Pakistan Army into his state. Singh remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished by the Indian government. After spending his final days in Bombay, he died on 26 April 1961. Singh was also a controversial figure due to his involvement in a blackmail scandal by a prostitute in Paris in 1921, the 1931 Kashmir agitation, agitation in Kashmir against his government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Company (military Unit)
A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 80–250 soldiers and usually commanded by a major or a captain. Most companies are formed of three to seven platoons, although the exact number may vary by country, unit type, and structure. Usually several companies are grouped as a battalion or regiment, the latter of which is sometimes formed by several battalions. Occasionally, ''independent'' or ''separate'' companies are organized for special purposes, such as the 1st Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company or the 3rd Force Reconnaissance Company. These companies are not organic to a battalion or regiment, but rather report directly to a higher level organization such as a Marine Expeditionary Force headquarters (i.e., a corps-level command). Historical background The modern military company became popularized during the reorganization of the Swedish Army in 1631 under King Gustav II Adolph. For administrative purposes, the infantry was divided into companies consist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Nation (Pakistan)
''The Nation'' is an English-language daily newspaper owned by Majid Nizami Trust and based in Lahore, Pakistan since 1986. ''Rameeza'' is the Executive Editor of ''The Nation''. She is the adopted daughter of the renowned Pakistani journalist, the late Majid Nizami (3 April 1928-26 July 2014). It is published from Lahore, Islamabad, Multan and Karachi by the Nawa-i-Waqt Group, which was founded in 1940 by Hameed Nizami (3 Oct 1915–22 Feb 1962) and edited by him until his death in 1962. Nawa-i-Waqt newspaper was later led by Chief Editor Majid Nizami and his nephew, Editor Arif Nizami. Nawa-i-Waqt Group also publishes the '' Nawa-i-Waqt'', an Urdu-language daily newspaper, and prints 4 weekly English and Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu" '' |
Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi ( or ; Urdu, ) is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad, and third largest in Punjab after Lahore and Faisalabad. Rawalpindi is next to Pakistan's capital Islamabad, and the two are jointly known as the "twin cities" because of the social and economic links between them. Rawalpindi is on the Pothohar Plateau, known for its ancient Hindu and Buddhist heritage, especially in the neighbouring town of Taxila, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1765, the ruling Gakhars were defeated and the city came under Sikh rule, becoming an important city within the Sikh Empire based at Lahore. The city's ''Babu Mohallah'' neighbourhood was once home to a community of Jewish traders that had fled Mashhad, Persia, in the 1830s. The city was conquered by the British Raj in 1849, and in the late 19th century became the largest garrison town of the British Indian Army's Northern command as its climate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
