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1930 Liechtenstein General Election
By-elections were held in Liechtenstein on 16 March 1930.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 By-elections were called following the resignation of the four Christian-Social People's Party members of the Landtag. The VP believed that general elections should be held in 1930 because the Landtag elected in 1928 is only continuing the term that started after the April 1926 general elections. The result was a victory for the ruling Progressive Citizens' Party, which won all four vacant seats in the Landtag. The VP did not participate in the by-elections. The result led to a debate over the introduction of proportional representation, which took place in 1939.Nohlen & Stöver, p1159 Results By electoral district References Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Swi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1928 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 15 July 1928, with a second round on 29 July. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 Vogt, Paul (1987). ''125 Jahre Landtag.'' Vaduz: Landtag of the Principality of Liechtenstein. Early elections was called after Prince Johann II forced the resignation of the Christian-Social People's Party government of Prime Minister Gustav Schädler due to an embezzlement scandal at the National Bank of Liechtenstein. The result was a victory for the opposition Progressive Citizens' Party, which won 11 of the 15 seats in the Landtag.Nohlen & Stöver, p1182 Results By electoral district First round Second round References Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarch ... 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Citizens' Party
The Progressive Citizens' Party in Liechtenstein (german: Fortschrittliche Bürgerpartei in Liechtenstein, FBP) is a national-conservative political party in Liechtenstein. The FBP is one of the two major political parties in Liechtenstein, along with the liberal-conservative Patriotic Union. Founded in 1918 along with the now-defunct Christian-Social People's Party, it is the oldest extant party in Liechtenstein. History The party was established in 1918 by middle class citizens and members of the agricultural community as a response to the formation of the Christian-Social People's Party (VP).Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p609 It won the majority of the elected seats in the 1918 elections, Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1182 but the VP formed a government.McHale, p611 The VP won elections in 1922, January 1926 and April 1926, but the FBP won the 1928 elections, and became the party o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 1930 Events
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the second of seven months to have a length of 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. Origin The name of March comes from '' Martius'', the first month of the earliest Roman calendar. It was named after Mars, the Roman god of war, and an ancestor of the Roman people through his sons Romulus and Remus. His month ''Martius'' was the beginning of the season for warfare, and the festivals held in his honor during the month were mirrored by others in October, when the season for these activities came to a close. ''Martius'' remained the first month of the Roman calendar year perhaps as la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Liechtenstein
Elections in Liechtenstein take place at a national level within a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. The Landtag of Liechtenstein has 25 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in two multi-seat constituencies. The country became a democracy in 1984 when it replaced universal male suffrage with universal suffrage, following a national referendum. Electoral process A variation of the standard party-list proportional format is used to elect 15 members from the district of Oberland and 10 members from the district of Unterland. The highest-remainder method dictates each party’s seat total in a district based on their vote share (which will be covered in more detail) there. Elections in these two districts are essentially separate, and the individual municipal divisions technically play no role in determining the eventual winners. There are four parties currently registered in Liechtenstein: the Progressive Citizen’s Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 In Liechtenstein
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is auctioned o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 Elections In Europe
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is auctioned off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberland (electoral District)
Oberland (german: Wahlkreis Oberland), meaning "upper land", is one of the two electoral districts of Liechtenstein. It corresponds to the historic County of Vaduz (german: Grafschaft Vaduz), and the administrative seat is the city of Vaduz, the national capital. It has 15 seats in the Landtag. Geography The district, which includes the main towns of Vaduz and Schaan, is more populous than the Unterland and spans the southern portion, with between four-fifths and five-sixths of the country's land area. It is composed of 6 municipalities and 11 villages, for a total of 17 settlements. See also *Unterland (electoral district) *Landtag of Liechtenstein *NUTS statistical regions of Liechtenstein As a member of the EFTA, Liechtenstein (LI) is included in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). The three NUTS levels all correspond to the country itself: * NUTS-1: LI0 Liechtenstein * NUTS-2: LI00 Liechtenstein * NUTS-3: LI ... * Lists of electoral districts by nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divisions (political parties) of the electorate. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are actually used to help elect someone—not just a plurality, or a bare majority—and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast. "Proportional" electoral systems mean proportional to ''vote share'' and ''not'' proportional to population size. For example, the US House of Representatives has 435 districts which are drawn so roughly equal or "proportional" numbers of people live within each district, yet members of the House are elected in first-past-the-post elections: first-past-the-post is ''not'' proportional by vote share. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 1926 Liechtenstein General Election
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General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 5 April 1926. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 The result was a victory for the ruling Christian-Social People's Party, which won 9 of the 15 seats in the Landtag.Nohlen & Stöver, p1182 Results By electoral district References Liechtenstein General 1926 04 Liechtenstein 1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne, the last monarch of Viet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1932 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein in March 1932.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 A new electoral system was introduced in which the Landtag was elected in two rounds. In the first round then members were elected, with every municipality with more than 300 inhabitants electing one member.Vogt, Paul (1987). ''125 Jahre Landtag.'' Vaduz: Landtag of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The second round involved the election of the remaining five Landtag members through a national vote with the whole of Liechtenstein serving as one electoral district. The first round of the election was held on 6 March with every municipality except Planken electing one Landtag member. The second round was held on 13 March. The result was a victory for the ruling Progressive Citizens' Party, which won 13 of the 15 seats in the Landtag.Nohlen & Stöver, p1182 This was the last election contested by the Christian-Social People's Party before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian-Social People's Party (Liechtenstein)
The Christian-Social People's Party (german: Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei), often shortened to People's Party (german: Volkspartei, VP), was a social liberal political party in Liechtenstein. Founded in 1918, the Christian-Social People's Party and the Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP) were the first political parties in Liechtenstein. History The party was established in 1918 as an offshoot of the trade union movement.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p609 It first formed the country's government following the 1922 elections, and remained in power until losing the 1928 elections. In 1936, it merged with Liechtenstein Homeland Service Liechtenstein Homeland Service (german: Liechtensteiner Heimatdienst, LHD) was a political party in Liechtenstein that advocated corporate statism and the abolition of Political party, party politics. Established in the autumn of 1933, the party ... (LHD) to form the Patriotic Union (VU). Electoral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
