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1922 California Proposition 20
Proposition 20, also known as the Osteopathic Initiatives Act, was a California initiated state statute proposed and passed in 1922 to allow for the creation of a state board of osteopathic examiners. Proposition 20 passed with 439,775 ''Yes'' votes, representing 57.29 percent of the total votes cast. On the same day, voters approved a similar health care reform, Proposition 16, which allowed for the creation of a state board of chiropractic examiners. Official summary *Allowed for the creation of the Osteopathic Medical Board of California. *Allowed for five board members appointed by the governor and staggered to three year terms. *Required board-approved institutions to have at minimum 4000 hours of classroom time for a "Physician and Surgeon certificate". *Authorized osteopathic board to carry out provisions set in the Medical Practice Act of 1913. Results of vote Outcomes In 1962, various California medical and osteopathic associations created an amendment to Propositio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Initiated State Statute
In political science, an initiative (also known as a popular initiative or citizens' initiative) is a means by which a petition signed by a certain number of registered voters can force a government to choose either to enact a law or hold a public vote in the legislature in what is called indirect initiative, or under direct initiative, where the proposition is put to a plebiscite or referendum, in what is called a ''Popular initiated Referendum'' or citizen-initiated referendum. In an indirect initiative, a measure is first referred to the legislature, and then put to a popular vote only if not enacted by the legislature. If the proposed law is rejected by the legislature, the government may be forced to put the proposition to a referendum. The initiative may then take the form of a direct initiative or an indirect initiative. In a direct initiative, a measure is put directly to a referendum. The vote may be on a proposed federal level, statute, constitutional amendment, chart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteopathic
Osteopathy () is a type of alternative medicine that emphasizes physical manipulation of the body's muscle tissue and bones. Practitioners of osteopathy are referred to as osteopaths. Osteopathic manipulation is the core set of techniques in osteopathy. Parts of osteopathy, such as craniosacral therapy, have no therapeutic value and have been labeled as pseudoscience and quackery. The techniques are based on an ideology created by Andrew Taylor Still (1828–1917) which posits the existence of a " myofascial continuity"—a tissue layer that "links every part of the body with every other part". Osteopaths attempt to diagnose and treat what was originally called "the osteopathic lesion", but which is now named "somatic dysfunction", by manipulating a person's bones and muscles. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) techniques are most commonly used to treat back pain and other musculoskeletal issues. Osteopathic manipulation is still included in the curricula of osteopathic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 California Proposition 16
Proposition 16, also known as the Chiropractic Initiatives Act, was a California initiated state statute proposed and passed in 1922 to allow for the creation of a state board of chiropractic examiners. Proposition 16 passed with 481,600 ''Yes'' votes, representing 59.5 percent of the total votes cast. On the same day, voters approved a similar health care reform, Proposition 20, which allowed for the creation of a state board of osteopathic examiners. At the time of the vote, 22 states had already passed laws similar to Proposition 16. Official summary *Allowed for the creation of the California Board of Chiropractic Examiners with members appointed by the governor and paid for from receipts under the act. *Prohibited the practice of chiropractic without a license from a board-approved institution. *Required board-approved institutions to have at minimum 2400 hours of classroom time with minimum hourly requirements for set topics *Allowed for the state board to revoke a chirop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiropractic
Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially of the spine. It has esoteric origins and is based on several pseudoscientific ideas. Many chiropractors, especially those in the field's early history, have proposed that mechanical disorders of the joints, especially of the spine, affect general health, and that regular manipulation of the spine ( spinal adjustment) improves general health. The main chiropractic treatment technique involves manual therapy, especially manipulation of the spine, other joints, and soft tissues, but may also include exercises and health and lifestyle counseling. AHCPR Pub No. 98-N002. A chiropractor may have a Doctor of Chiropractic, Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.) degree and be referred to as "doctor" but is not a Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). While many chiropractors view themselves as primary care providers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newspapers
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports and art, and often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also published on websites as online newspapers, and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely. Newspapers developed in the 17th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
