1918 In Archaeology
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1918 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1918. Explorations Excavations * Ballshi inscription, a 9th-century epigraph testifying to the christianization of Bulgaria Publications Finds Awards Miscellaneous Births * 11 February – Anne Stine Ingstad, Norwegian archaeologist, co-discoverer of Viking artifacts at L'Anse aux Meadows (d. 1997) * 8 March – Mendel L. Peterson, American underwater archaeologist (d. 2003) * 20 May – Carlos J. Gradin, Argentine archaeologist (d. 2002) * 24 June – Elizabeth Eames, English archaeologist (d. 2008) * 20 August – Crystal Bennett, Alderney-born archaeologist of Jordan (d. 1987) * 25 October – Donald Wiseman, Professor of Assyriology at the University of London (d. 2010) * 18 December – Joyce Reynolds, English epigrapher (d. 2022 File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; 2022 Sri Lankan protes ...
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Crystal Bennett
Crystal-Margaret Bennett, (20 August 1918 – 12 August 1987) was a British archaeologist. A student of Kathleen Kenyon, Bennett was a pioneer of archaeological research in Jordan and founded the British Institute at Amman for Archaeology and History. Early life and education Crystal-Margaret Rawlings was born to George Rawlings, a soldier, and Elizabeth Rawlings (née Jennings) of Alderney, one of the Channel Islands, on 20 August 1918. She was the third of five children. She attended La Retraite Convent School in Bristol and then Bristol University, where she studied English. At the age of 22 she married draughtsman Philip Roy Bennett (1907–1986), converting from Roman Catholicism to the Church of England. The marriage lasted six years; the couple separated in 1946, a year after the birth of their only child Simon Bennett. Following the divorce, Bennett moved in with her former mother-in-law and raised her son Simon. In 1954, Bennett enrolled at the Institute of Ar ...
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1820 In Archaeology
The year 1820 in archaeology involved some significant events. Excavations * First excavations of the Gallo-Roman site at Grand, Vosges. Publications * '' Narrative of the Operations and Recent Discoveries Within the Pyramids, Temples, Tombs, and Excavations in Egypt and Nubia'' by Giovanni Battista Belzoni. * First volume of the American Antiquarian Society's ''Transactions''. Includes map and descriptions of Mound Builders remains in Ohio by Caleb Atwater. Finds * April 8 - Venus de Milo (Aphrodite of Milos, c.150 BC-125 BC) is discovered on the island of Milos by a peasant named Yorgos Kentrotas. * Statue of Ramesses II is discovered at the Great Temple of Ptah of Mit-Rahina near Memphis, Egypt by Giovanni Battista Caviglia. Births * March 23 - Canon William Greenwell, English archaeologist notable for his Grimes Graves excavations (died 1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh ...
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Grimes Graves
Grime's Graves is a large Neolithic flint mining complex in Norfolk, England. It lies north east from Brandon, Suffolk in the East of England. It was worked between  2600 and  2300 BC, although production may have continued well into the Bronze and Iron Ages (and later) owing to the low cost of flint compared with metals. Flint was much in demand for making polished stone axes in the Neolithic period. Much later, when flint had been replaced by metal tools, flint nodules were in demand for other uses, such as for building and as strikers for muskets. Grime's Graves was first extensively explored by the 19th-century archaeologist William Greenwell. The scheduled monument extends over an area of some and consists of at least 433 shafts dug into the natural chalk to reach seams of flint. The largest shafts are more than deep and in diameter at the surface. It has been calculated that more than 2,000 tonnes of chalk had to be removed from the larger shafts, takin ...
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William Greenwell
Canon William Greenwell, (23 March 1820 – 27 January 1918) was an English archaeologist and Church of England priest. Early life William Greenwell was born 23 March 1820 at the estate known as Greenwell Ford near Lanchester, County Durham, England. He was the eldest son of William Thomas Greenwell (1777–1856) and Dorothy Smales. He had three brothers Francis, Alan, and Henry Nicholas Greenwell, and a sister Dorothy (1821–1882) who published poetry under the name Dora Greenwell. After an early education by Rev George Newby, he attended Durham School. One of his schoolmates was Henry Baker Tristram. He matriculated at University College, Durham in October 1836 and graduated Bachelor of Arts (BA) in June 1839. He started training to be a barrister at Middle Temple, but owing to ill health decided to leave London and return to University College in 1841, completing a licentiate in Theology in 1842. He received a Master of Arts in 1843. Greenwell was ordained a deacon by Bish ...
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2022 In Archaeology
This page lists significant events of 2022 in archaeology. Excavations ;February * Archaeologists begin excavation in Haverfordwest, Wales, of the site of a medieval priory containing 240 burials at the location of a former department store. ;July * 12 – Archaeologists from The University of Manchester have excavated for the first time the 5,000-year-old Neolithic chamber tomb linked to King Arthur, the legendary ruler of Camelot. The excavation was carried out around the chamber of nine upright stones weighing more than 25 tons in present-day Herefordshire, England. Finds ;January * 24 – Archaeologists announced the discovery of thousands of prehistoric pits during an electromagnetic induction field survey around Stonehenge * 25 – Archaeologists announced the discovery of an intact 2,000-year-old blue glass bowl with a trim rim and a vertical stripe pattern in the Dutch city of Nijmegen in Netherlands. ;February * 1 – Velia excavation reported the discover ...
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Epigrapher
Epigraphy () is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy are the historical significance of an epigraph as a document and the artistic value of a literary composition. A person using the methods of epigraphy is called an ''epigrapher'' or ''epigraphist''. For example, the Behistun inscription is an official document of the Achaemenid Empire engraved on native rock at a location in Iran. Epigraphists are responsible for reconstructing, translating, and dating the trilingual inscription and finding any relevant circumstances. It is the work of historians, however, to determine and interpret the events recorded by the inscription as document. Often, epigraphy and history are competences practised by the same person. Epigraphy is a primar ...
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Joyce Reynolds (classicist)
Joyce Maire Reynolds (18 December 1918 – 11 September 2022) was a British classicist and academic, specialising in Roman historical epigraphy. She was an honorary fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge. She dedicated her life to the study and teaching of Classics and was first woman to be awarded the Kenyon medal by the British Academy. Among Reynolds' most significant publications were texts from the city of Aphrodisias, including letters between Aphrodisian and Roman authorities. Early life and education Joyce Reynolds was born in Highams Park, Greater London, on 18 December 1918. Both her parents came from Walthamstow. Her father, William Howe Reynolds, was a civil servant and her mother, Nellie Farmer, a school teacher. Her mother taught her to read and write. Joyce was educated at Walthamstow County Girls' School, and then St Paul's Girls School, where she won a scholarship. Her parents were anti-war, and banned Joyce from reading what they considered to be pro-war write ...
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2010 In Archaeology
The year 2010 in archaeology Excavations * March 26: Archaeologists begin excavations at the site of William Shakespeare's last home, New Place in Stratford-upon-Avon (continuing in 2011). * April 2: Teams of anthropologists and archaeologists begin searching the Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten Island for human remains of victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001. Over 30 fragments of human remains are subsequently identified. * May: Rescue excavations at the Buddhist site of Mes Aynak in Afghanistan begin (continuing until July 2011). * Excavations of the Roman site at Bloomberg London begin, continuing until 2013 and including discovery of the Bloomberg tablets. Finds *April 9: In England, metal detectorist Dave Crisp discovers the Frome Hoard, 52,503 Roman coins dating to the period 253 to 305, one of the largest hoards ever found in Britain. *May **A fragment of a clay tablet is discovered in the Ophel section of the City of David in Jerusalem. The fragment, with a s ...
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University Of London
The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree-awarding examination board for students holding certificates from University College London and King's College London and "other such other Institutions, corporate or unincorporated, as shall be established for the purpose of Education, whether within the Metropolis or elsewhere within our United Kingdom". This fact allows it to be one of three institutions to claim the title of the third-oldest university in England, and moved to a federal structure in 1900. It is now incorporated by its fourth (1863) royal charter and governed by the University of London Act 2018. It was the first university in the United Kingdom to introduce examinations for women in 1869 and, a decade later, the first to admit women to degrees. In 1913, it appointe ...
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Assyriology
Assyriology (from Greek , ''Assyriā''; and , '' -logia'') is the archaeological, anthropological, and linguistic study of Assyria and the rest of ancient Mesopotamia (a region that encompassed what is now modern Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and northwestern and southwestern Iran) and of the related cultures that used cuneiform writing. The field covers Sumer, the early Sumero-Akkadian city-states, the Akkadian Empire, Ebla, the Akkadian and Imperial Aramaic speaking states of Assyria, Babylonia and the Sealand Dynasty, the migrant foreign dynasties of southern Mesopotamia, including the Gutians, Amorites, Kassites, Arameans, Suteans and Chaldeans. The large number of cuneiform clay tablets preserved by these Sumero-Akkadian and Assyro-Babylonian cultures provide an extremely large resource for the study of the period. The region's (and indeed the world's) first cities and city-states like Ur are archaeologically invaluable for studying the growth of urbaniza ...
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Donald Wiseman
Donald John Wiseman (25 October 1918 – 2 February 2010) was a biblical scholar, archaeologist and Assyriologist. He was Professor of Assyriology at the University of London from 1961 to 1982. Early life and beliefs Wiseman was born in Emsworth, Hampshire in 1918. His father, Air Commodore P. J. Wiseman had travelled in the Middle East with the RAF and that had led to him writing a number of books on archaeology and the Bible. P. J. Wiseman formulated what is known as the Wiseman hypothesis, which suggests that many passages used by Moses or other authors to compose the Book of Genesis originated as histories and genealogies recorded in Mesopotamian cuneiform script on baked clay tablets, handed down through Abraham to later Hebrews. The Wiseman family belonged to the Plymouth Brethren.Martin J. Selman, "Donald J. Wiseman," in Walter A. Elwell and J. D. Weaver (eds.), ''Bible Interpreters of the 20th Century'' (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999) p. 300. Wiseman came under the influen ...
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