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1913 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1913. Excavations * Excavations at Shechem by a German team begin. * Excavations at Etemenanki by Robert Koldewey begin. Publications * April '' National Geographic Magazine'' is entirely devoted to the discoveries of Hiram Bingham III at Machu Picchu. * E. Thurlow Leeds - ''The Archaeology of the Anglo-Saxon Settlements''. Finds * Remains of the 14th century David's Tower at Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, are discovered. Events * The Neolithic site at Skara Brae on Mainland, Orkney ( Scotland) is plundered. Births * February 6 - Mary Leakey, English paleoanthropologist working in Africa (d. 1996). * March 7 - Gordon Willey, American archaeologist working in the Americas (d. 2002). * November 12 - Kenneth Steer, British archaeologist and British Army officer (d. 2007). Deaths * April 19 - Hugo Winckler, German Assyriologist (b. 1863). * May 28 - John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, English prehistorian (b. 1834 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1834 In Archaeology ...
The year 1834 in archaeology Excavations * Excavations made at Meroë by Giuseppe Ferlini * Recovery of guns and other material from the wreck of in the Solent by Charles Anthony Deane and his brother John begins Explorations * Juan Galindo explores the Maya ruins of Copan * French scholar Charles Texier finds the first Hittite site but does not identify it as such Finds Miscellaneous * John Clayton begins to safeguard Hadrian's Wall Births *April 30 - John Lubbock, English prehistorian (d. 1913) Deaths See also * List of years in archaeology * 1833 in archaeology * 1835 in archaeology References {{reflist Archaeology Archaeology by year Archaeology Archaeology Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistorian
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, 4th Baronet, (30 April 183428 May 1913), known as Sir John Lubbock, 4th Baronet from 1865 until 1900, was an English banker, Liberal politician, philanthropist, scientist and polymath. Lubbock worked in his family company as a banker but made significant contributions in archaeology, ethnography, and several branches of biology. He coined the terms "Paleolithic" and "Neolithic" to denote the Old and New Stone Ages, respectively. He helped establish archaeology as a scientific discipline, and was influential in debates concerning evolutionary theory. He introduced the first law for the protection of the UK's archaeological and architectural heritage. He was also a founding member of the X Club. Early life John Lubbock was born in 1834, the son of Sir John Lubbock, 3rd Baronet, a London banker, and was brought up in the family home of High Elms Estate, near Downe in Kent. The family had two homes, one at 29 Eaton Place, Belgrave Square where Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1863 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1863. Explorations * Édouard Lartet and Henry Christy begin joint exploration of caves in the valley of the Vézère, in southern France. Excavations * Excavations at Ephesus by John Turtle Wood begin. * William Copeland Borlase supervises excavations of the re-discovered prehistoric settlement and fogou at Carn Euny in Cornwall. Publications * Samuel Ferguson's '' Ogham Inscriptions in Ireland, Wales and Scotland'' is published posthumously. * The text of the Iguvine Tablets (3rd–1st centuries BC) is first published, by Francis William Newman in London. * ''Zeitschrift für ägyptisches Sprache und Altertumskunde'' begins publication. Finds * April 15 – Winged Victory of Samothrace found at Samothrace by Charles Champoiseau. Made c.190 BC, it is now in the Musée du Louvre, Paris. * April 20 – Augustus of Prima Porta in the Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, near Rome. * Nydam Boats found in Den ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo Winckler
Hugo Winckler (4 July 1863 – 19 April 1913) was a German archaeologist and historian who uncovered the capital of the Hittite Empire ( Hattusa) at Boğazkale, Turkey. A student of the languages of the ancient Middle East, he wrote extensively on Assyrian cuneiform and the Old Testament, compiled a history of Babylonia and Assyrian that was published in 1891, and translated both the Code of Hammurabi and the Amarna letters. In 1904, he was appointed professor of Oriental languages at the University of Berlin. Education Winckler studied at the University of Berlin with Eberhard Schrader, founder of the German Assyriology. He was awarded his doctorate on 24 June 1886, for his work on the cuneiform texts of Sargon. Career Teaching Winckler became a lecturer at the University of Berlin in 1891. In 1904, he was appointed Extraordinary Professor of Oriental languages. Excavations Winckler began excavations at Boğazkale in 1906 with support from the German Orient Soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In Archaeology
The year 2007 in archaeology Excavations * South China Sea shipwrecks. * River Boyne shipwreck (1530s) off Drogheda in Ireland. *Large-scale excavation of Buckton Castle in the north west of England begins under the direction of Brian Grimsditch of the University of Manchester Archaeology Unit. The dig concluded in 2010. *Excavations at Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome begin. Finds * 6 January: Vale of York Hoard of 617 mostly Anglo-Saxon silver coins and 65 other items of precious metal deposited by Vikings soon after 927 CE is discovered near Harrogate in the north of England (reported 19 July). * 15 January: A Jeulmun Pottery Period pit burial containing the c. 2000 BC skeletons of two humans in a death embrace at the Ando-ri Site in Yeosu, South Korea. * 16 January: A fossilized human skull found at Pestera cu Oase, Romania, is dated to be about 35,000 years old and described to have features of mixed origin, both from modern '' Homo sapiens'' and older branches of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenneth Steer
Kenneth Arthur Steer, (12 November 1913 – 20 February 2007) was a British archaeologist and British Army officer. During World War II, he saw active service in Italy and later served as a Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program, Monuments Man in Germany. From 1957 to 1978, he served as Secretary of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Early life Steer was born on 12 November 1913 in Rotherham, Yorkshire, England. He was educated at Wath Grammar School, a Eleven-plus, selective state school in Wath-upon-Dearne. He went on to study history at Durham University, where he was the president of the Durham Colleges Historical Society in the Epiphany term of 1934. He graduated Bachelor of Arts (BA) in 1935. He stayed at Durham to undertake post-graduate study concerning the archaeology of Roman County Durham. He was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1938. Excavations as a student included the Roman villa in Rudston, and Hadrian's Wal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2002 In Archaeology
Explorations *First expedition to ''Sub Marine Explorer'' in the Pearl Islands by James P. Delgado. Excavations *March – Part of the podium of the Temple of Apollo in Mdina, Malta is discovered and subsequently excavated. Finds * February – Remains of oldest known European early modern humans at this time found in Peștera cu Oase, Romania. * May 1 – Horncastle boar's head, an early 7th-century Anglo-Saxon ornament, probably part of a helmet crest, discovered in the eastern English town of Horncastle by a metal detectorist. * May 3 – Amesbury Archer, a Bronze Age burial found near Stonehenge in England. * June – Newport Ship (medieval) in south-east Wales. * October – Banc Ty'nddôl sun-disc in mid-Wales. * 3,500-year-old human remains found in the Citadel of Damascus. * Mask of la Roche-Cotard ( Mousterian) found beside the Loire in France. Publications * Thebes tablets. Events * Brief reappearance and study of Seaton Carew Wreck. * Ciampate del Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeologist
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the adve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Americans
Americans are the Citizenship of the United States, citizens and United States nationality law, nationals of the United States, United States of America.; ; Although direct citizens and nationals make up the majority of Americans, many Multiple citizenship, dual citizens, expatriates, and green card, permanent residents could also legally claim American nationality. The United States is home to race and ethnicity in the United States, people of many racial and ethnic origins; consequently, culture of the United States, American culture and Law of the United States, law do not equate nationality with Race (human categorization), race or Ethnic group, ethnicity, but with citizenship and an Oath of Allegiance (United States), oath of permanent allegiance. Overview The majority of Americans or their ancestors Immigration to the United States, immigrated to the United States or are descended from people who were Trans Atlantic Slave Trade, brought as Slavery in the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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