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1899 In Italy
Events from the year 1899 in Italy. Kingdom of Italy *Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900) *Prime Minister – Luigi Pelloux (1898–1900) Events The year is marked by the fight over a new coercive Public Safety bill introduced by Prime Minister Luigi Pelloux after the Bava Beccaris massacre in May 1898 in Milan. The Radicals and Socialist start an obstructionist campaign. February * February 4 – A new coercive Public Safety bill is introduced by the government of Luigi Pelloux and adopted by Parliament. The law made strikes by state employees illegal; gave the executive wider powers to ban public meetings and dissolve subversive organisations; revived the penalties of banishment; and preventive arrest for political offences, and; tightened control of the press by making authors responsible for their articles and declaring incitement to violence a crime.Seton-Watson, Italy from liberalism to fascism, 1870–1925', p. 193 The Radicals and Socialist start an obstructio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umberto I Of Italy
Umberto I ( it, Umberto Rainerio Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoia; 14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination on 29 July 1900. Umberto's reign saw Italy attempt colonial expansion into the Horn of Africa, successfully gaining Eritrea and Somalia despite being defeated by Abyssinia at the Battle of Adwa in 1896. In 1882, he approved the Triple Alliance with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. He was deeply loathed in leftist circles for his conservatism and support of the Bava Beccaris massacre in Milan. He was especially hated by anarchists, who attempted to assassinate him during the first year of his reign. He was killed by another anarchist, Gaetano Bresci, two years after the Bava Beccaris massacre. Youth The son of Victor Emmanuel II and Archduchess Adelaide of Austria, Umberto was born in Turin, which was then capital of The Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, on 14 March 1844, his father's 24 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Republican Party
The Italian Republican Party ( it, Partito Repubblicano Italiano, PRI) is a liberal and social-liberal political party in Italy. Founded in 1895, the PRI is the oldest political party still active in Italy. The PRI has old roots and a long history that began with a left-wing position, claiming descent from the political thought of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi. The early PRI was also known for its anti-clerical, anti-monarchist republican and later anti-fascist stances. While maintaining the latter three traits, during the second half of the 20th century the party moved slowly to the centre of the political spectrum, becoming increasingly economically liberal. As such, the PRI was a member of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) from 1976 to 2010. After 1949 the party was a member of the pro-NATO alliance formed also by Christian Democrats, Social Democrats and Liberals, enabling it to participate in most governments of the 1950s. In 1963 the PRI he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fosse Ardeatine
The Ardeatine massacre, or Fosse Ardeatine massacre ( it, Eccidio delle Fosse Ardeatine), was a mass killing of 335 civilians and political prisoners carried out in Rome on 24 March 1944 by Nazi Germany, German occupation troops during the World War II, Second World War as a reprisal for the Via Rasella attack in central Rome against the SS Police Regiment Bozen the previous day. Subsequently, the Ardeatine Caves site (''Fosse Ardeatine'') was declared a Memorial Cemetery and National Monument open daily to visitors. Every year, on the anniversary of the slaughter and in the presence of the senior officials of the Italian Republic, a solemn state commemoration is held at the monument in honour of the fallen. Each year, 335 names are called out, a simple roll call of the dead, to reinforce that 335 discrete individuals symbolise a collective entity. Historical background In July 1943, the Allies of World War II, Allies landed on the island of Sicily, preparing to invade the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Caruso
Pietro Caruso (10 November 1899 in Maddaloni – 22 September 1944 in Rome) was an Italian Italian Fascism, Fascist and head of the Rome police in 1944. Born in Campania in 1899, he fought in the Bersaglieri in the final months of World War I and participated in Gabriele D'Annunzio's Italian Regency of Carnaro, occupation of Fiume in 1920-1921. In 1921 he joined the National Fascist Party, and on the following year he participated in the March on Rome. In 1923 he joined the Blackshirts, Volunteer Militia from National Security, rising in rank over the years from ''capomanipolo'' (Lieutenant) to ''primo seniore'' (Lieutenant Colonel). In 1941 he was one of the judges of the Extraordinary Tribunal for Dalmatia. After the Armistice of Cassibile he joined the Italian Social Republic, and organized the confiscation of the gold belonging to the Jewish population of Trieste. He met and befriended Tullio Tamburini, chief of the police of the Italian Social Republic, who in January 1944 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxist
Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand Social class, class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, no single, definitive Marxist philosophy, Marxist theory exists. In addition to the schools of thought which emphasize or modify elements of classical Marxism, various Marxian concepts have been incorporated and adapted into a diverse array of Social theory, social theories leading to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms dialectical mater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferruccio Ghinaglia
Ferruccio Ghinaglia (29 September 1899 – 21 April 1921) was an Italian Marxist revolutionary, active in the second decade of the 20th century and killed by political enemies in 1921. Ghinaglia was born in Casalbuttano ed Uniti in the Province of Cremona. He was not of a rich family, but distinguished himself in the high school in Cremona as a fervent Socialist and anti-militarist through his writings in the pages of the school paper ''Lo Studente'' (''The Student''), which caused him some trouble with the police because this was during the First World War. He arrived in Pavia in 1917 as a student of medicine and earned himself a place in the Ghislieri College which is linked to the University of Pavia, but little afterwards he was called to carry out military service. He managed to reestablish a link with his Cremonese contacts and resumed his place in the Socialist Youth. After he had moved back to Pavia, he became the leader of the left-wing split of the Socialist Party and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achille Campanile
Achille Campanile (28 September 1899–4 January 1977) was an Italian writer, playwright, journalist and television critic known for his surreal humour and word play Word play or wordplay (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of word play include puns, phonet .... Biography Campanile was born in Rome in 1899. He contributed to the newspapers '' La tribuna'', '' L'Idea Nazionale'' and the satirical magazine '' Il Travaso delle idee''. In 1925 he published his first theatre work entitled L’inventore del cavallo which was a single act play. Works * ''Ma che cos'è questo amore'' (1924) * ''Se la luna mi porta fortuna'' (1927) * ''Agosto, moglie mia non-ti conosco'' (1930) * ''In campagna è un'altra cosa'' (1931) * ''Cantilena all'angolo della strada'' (1933) * ''Celestino e la famiglia Gentilissimi'' (1942) * ''Il povero Piero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a (German: “people’s community”), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation" characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation and race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Fascism rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I, before spreading to other European countries, most notably Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Opposed to anarchism, democracy, pluralism, liberalism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Fausto Nitti
Francesco Fausto Nitti (born 2 September 1899 in Pisa – died 28 May 1974, in Rome) was an Italian journalist and fighter against fascism. His father Vincenzo (1871–1957) was evangelical preacher of the Italian Methodist Church. His mother was Paola Ciari (1870–1932). Biography When Francesco Fausto Nitti was seventeen, he fought in the First World War. In 1924, after the death of Giacomo Matteotti (a socialist deputy killed by will of Benito Mussolini), Nitti started an active anti-fascist propaganda, and as a result in December 1926 he was arrested and confined in Lipari. Along with two other political prisoners, Carlo Rosselli and Emilio Lussu, he managed to escape in July 1929 and to take refuge in France, where they founded ''Giustizia e Libertà'', a resistance movement opposing fascism. Nitti went to Spain in March 1937 and served the Republican faction as a major during the Civil War. After the defeat of his side, he came back to France where was relegated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domenico Pellegrini Giampietro
Domenico Pellegrini Giampietro (August 30, 1899, in Brienza, in Basilicata – June 18, 1970, in Montevideo) was an Italian academic, economist, lawyer, politician, and (in his final years) journalist. As a young man living in Caserta, Pellegrini Giampietro founded a nationalist legion named ''Sempre pronti'' ("Always Ready"). He was a decorated infantry lieutenant in World War I, and joined the Fascist movement in 1922, as a member of the Benito Mussolini's Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF), and took part in the March on Rome. In the period, Pellegrini Giampietro became associated with certain clubs of the Freemasonry. A major figure of Campanian-elected fascists (together with Alfredo Rocco, Bruno Spampanato, and the economist Alberto Beneduce), he received a diploma in Law in 1926, and became a lawyer for the next eight years. He was one who took Fascism into academia, lecturing on ''Comparative public law and doctrinary history of Fascism'' at Naples University. He also wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tullio Cianetti
Tullio Cianetti (20 August 1899, in Assisi – 8 April 1976, in Maputo, Mozambique) was an Italian fascist politician who was well known for his work with the trade unions. The son of a farmer, Cianetti was conscripted in 1917 and served as a lieutenant in the Italian Army until 1921.A.T. Lane, ''Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders, Volume 1'', 1995, p. 205 Returning to Assisi, he worked as a teacher, whilst also helping to found the fascio in the town, becoming secretary in 1922. He was moved to Terni to organise the syndicate before being promoted to captain and appointed regional secretary for syndicates in Umbria in 1924. The same year he stepped away from fascism for a time following the death of Giacomo Matteotti and suspicion began to arise that he was too left-wing. However, by 1925 he had returned as secretary of syndicates in Syracuse, before being promoted to major and going on to hold similar roles in Carrara, Messina, Matera and Treviso. In 1931 he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luigi Fenaroli
Luigi Fenaroli (May 16, 1899 in Milan – May 8, 1980 in Bergamo) was an Italian botanist and agronomist. Luigi Fenaroli graduated in agriculture at the Higher School of Agronomy at the University of Milan in 1921. He performed several naturalistic expeditions, on behalf of the ''Reale società geografica italiana'' (Italian Royal Geographical Society). In 1930 he was in Angola and spent 1932 and 1933 in the Brazilian Amazon. In 1933 he was appointed vice-director of the ''Stazione sperimentale di selvicoltura'' (Forestry experimental station) in Florence. In 1943 he moved to the ''Istituto sperimentale di pioppicoltura'' (Poplar experimental station) in Casale Monferrato in Piedmont. In 1946 he became director of the "Maize experimental station", established by eminent agronomist Tito Vezio Zapparoli. There he directed the Hybrid Maize Program, designing, from 1948 to 1953, the experimental field tests plan for the trials of the American hybrids introduced to Italy after th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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