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1866 Gallatin County Race Riot
The 1866 Gallatin County Race Riot took place from August 3 past August 13 a year after the close of the American Civil War in Gallatin County, Kentucky. It was part of waves of violence by whites against blacks in the state, and even in northern Kentucky, where the black population was relatively small. According to historians Lowell H. Harrison and James C. Klotter, "A band of five hundred whites in Gallatin County... forced hundreds of blacks to flee across the Ohio River." Harrison, Lowell H., and James C. Klotter 1997. ''A New History of Kentucky''. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, p. 237. Background This was part of white insurgent violence throughout the state against blacks. In the aftermath of war, most veterans had retained their arms. The Freedmen's Bureau reported "hundreds of outrages" against blacks during this year. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 had been passed by Congress, giving blacks the right to testify against whites in court, but Kentucky courts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction. Decades of political controversy over slavery were brought to a head by the victory in the 1860 U.S. presidential election of Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery's expansion into the west. An initial seven southern slave states responded to Lincoln's victory by seceding from the United States and, in 1861, forming the Confederacy. The Confederacy seized U.S. forts and other federal assets within their borders. Led by Confederate President Jefferson Davis, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallatin County, Kentucky
Gallatin County, is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. Its county seat is Warsaw. The county was founded in 1798 and named for Albert Gallatin, the Secretary of the Treasury under President Thomas Jefferson. Gallatin County is included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located along the Ohio River across from Indiana. History The county was formed on December 14, 1798. Gallatin was the 31st Kentucky county to be established. It was derived from parts of Franklin and Shelby counties. Later, parts of the county were pared off to create three additional counties: Owen in 1819, Trimble in 1836, and Carroll in 1838. Today Gallatin is one tenth of its original size. Its northern border is the Ohio River. The population of Gallatin County in 1800 was 1,291, according to the Second Census of Kentucky, composed of 960 whites, 329 slaves, and 2 "freemen of color". During the Civil War, several skirmishes occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lowell H
Lowell may refer to: Places United States * Lowell, Arkansas * Lowell, California * Lowell, Florida * Lowell, Idaho * Lowell, Indiana * Lowell, Bartholomew County, Indiana * Lowell, Maine * Lowell, Massachusetts ** Lowell National Historical Park ** Lowell (MBTA station) ** Lowell Ordnance Plant * Lowell, Michigan * Lowell, North Carolina * Lowell, Washington County, Ohio * Lowell, Seneca County, Ohio * Lowell, Oregon * Lowell, Vermont, a New England town ** Lowell (CDP), Vermont, the main village in the town * Lowell, West Virginia * Lowell (town), Wisconsin ** Lowell, Wisconsin, a village within the town of Lowell * Lowell Hill, California * Lowell Point, Alaska *Lowell Township (other) Other countries * Lowell glacier, near the Alsek River, Canada Elsewhere * Lowell (lunar crater) * Lowell (Martian crater) Institutions in the United States Arizona * Lowell Observatory, astronomical non-profit research institute, Flagstaff California * Lowell High ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James C
James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (other), various kings named James * Saint James (other) * James (musician) * James, brother of Jesus James the Just, or a variation of James, brother of the Lord ( la, Iacobus from he, יעקב, and grc-gre, Ἰάκωβος, , can also be Anglicized as " Jacob"), was "a brother of Jesus", according to the New Testament. He was an early le ... Places Canada * James Bay, a large body of water * James, Ontario United Kingdom * James College, York, James College, a college of the University of York United States * James, Georgia, an unincorporated community * James, Iowa, an unincorporated community * James City, North Carolina * James City County, Virginia ** James City (Virginia Company) ** James City Shire * James City, Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ohio River
The Ohio River is a long river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illinois. It is the third largest river by discharge volume in the United States and the largest tributary by volume of the north-south flowing Mississippi River that divides the eastern from western United States. It is also the 6th oldest river on the North American continent. The river flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin includes parts of 14 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for five million people. The lower Ohio River just below Louisville is obstructed by rapids known as the Falls of the Ohio where the elevation falls in restricting larger commercial navigation, although in the 18th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedmen's Bureau
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, usually referred to as simply the Freedmen's Bureau, was an agency of early Reconstruction, assisting freedmen in the South. It was established on March 3, 1865, and operated briefly as a U.S. government agency, from 1865 to 1872, after the American Civil War, to direct "provisions, clothing, and fuel...for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children". Background and operations In 1863, the American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission was established. Two years later, as a result of the inquiry the Freedmen's Bureau Bill was passed, which established the Freedmen's Bureau as initiated by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. It was intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War. The Bureau became a part of the United States Department of War, as Congress provided no funding for it. The War Department was the only agency with funds the Freed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Rights Act Of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 (, enacted April 9, 1866, reenacted 1870) was the first United States federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law. It was mainly intended, in the wake of the American Civil War, to protect the civil rights of persons of African descent born in or brought to the United States. Civil Rights Act of 1866 The Act was passed by Congress in 1866 and vetoed by United States President Andrew Johnson. In April 1866, Congress again passed the bill to support the Thirteenth Amendment, and Johnson again vetoed it, but a two-thirds majority in each chamber overrode the veto to allow it to become law without presidential signature. John Bingham and other congressmen argued that Congress did not yet have sufficient constitutional power to enact this law. Following passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, Congress ratified the 1866 Act in 1870. Primary objectives, introduction and amendment The act had thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw, Kentucky
Warsaw is a List of cities in Kentucky, home rule-class city in and the county seat of Gallatin County, Kentucky, Gallatin County, Kentucky, United States, located along the Ohio River. The name was suggested by a riverboat captain, who was reading ''Thaddeus of Warsaw'', by Jane Porter, when the city was being founded. The city had a population of 1,615 at the 2010 United States Census, 2010 census, down from 1,811 at the 2000 United States Census, 2000 census. History Warsaw began as a landing on the Ohio River in 1798 called "Great Landing". In 1805, founder Colonel Robert Johnson surveyed and built a road from this landing to his former home in Scott County, Kentucky. The landing soon became a busy shipping port. In 1814, Colonel Johnson and Henry Yates purchased to establish a river town to be named "Fredericksburg", after Johnson's Fredericksburg, Virginia, hometown in Virginia. By 1815, the town plot was complete. The town extended from the river to Market Street and inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Covington, Kentucky
Covington is a list of cities in Kentucky, home rule-class city in Kenton County, Kentucky, Kenton County, Kentucky, United States, located at the confluence of the Ohio River, Ohio and Licking River (Kentucky), Licking Rivers. Cincinnati, Ohio, lies to its immediate north across the Ohio and Newport, Kentucky, Newport, to its east across the Licking and Ludlow, Kentucky, Ludlow to its west. Covington had a population of 40,640 at the time of the 2010 U.S. census, making it the largest city of Northern Kentucky and the fifth-most populous city in the state.Covington, Kentucky QuickFacts U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 11, 2013. It is one of its county's two county seat, seats, along with Independence, Kentucky, Independence. Name When it was laid out in 1815, it wa ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lynching Of Benjamin And Mollie French
The lynching of the Frenches of Warsaw took place in Warsaw, Gallatin County, Kentucky on May 3, 1876, between 1am and 2am on a Wednesday morning. Benjamin and Mollie French, African Americans, were lynched by a white mob for the murder of another African American, which was unusual for this period.Wright, George C. 1990. ''Racial Violence in Kentucky, 1865-1940: Lynchings, Mob Rule, and "Legal Lynchings"''. pp. 98-99. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press Lake Jones was an elderly black man who had faithfully served a white family named Howard, both before and after his emancipation from slavery.''Cincinnati Commercial''. May 5, 1876. The Frenches were accused of poisoning Lake Jones with arsenic and intending to steal his money. The Ku Klux Klan lynched the Frenches because, they said, Lake Jones was "the best nigger in the country."''Cincinnati Enquirer''. May 5, 1876. "A Bloody Night's Work at Warsaw, Ky." ''Frankfort Tri-Weekly Yeoman''. May 11, 1876. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lynching Deaths In Kentucky
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, punish a convicted transgressor, or intimidate people. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in every society. Lynching in the United States, In the United States, where the word for "lynching" likely originated, lynchings of African Americans became frequent in the Southern United States, South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Etymology The origins of the word ''lynch'' are obscure, but it likely originated during the American Revolution. The verb comes from the phrase ''Lynch Law'', a term for a Extrajudicial punishment, punishment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racially Motivated Violence Against African Americans
A race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. The term came into common usage during the 1500s, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. By the 17th century, the term began to refer to physical ( phenotypical) traits, and then later to national affiliations. Modern science regards race as a social construct, an identity which is assigned based on rules made by society. While partly based on physical similarities within groups, race does not have an inherent physical or biological meaning. The concept of race is foundational to racism, the belief that humans can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. Social conceptions and groupings of races have varied over time, often involving folk taxonomies that define essential types of individuals based on perceived traits. Today, scientists co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
