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1857 Paris Treaty
The Treaty of Paris (1857) marked the end of the hostilities of the Anglo-Persian War. On the Persian side negotiations were handled by ambassador Ferukh Khan. The two sides signed the peace treaty on 4 March 1857.''The Middle East and North Africa'' 2004 Taylor & Francis Group, Lucy Dean p.36/ref> In the Treaty, the Persians agreed to withdraw from Herat, to apologise to the British ambassador on his return, and to sign a commercial treaty; the British agreed not to shelter opponents of the Shah in the embassy, and they abandoned the demand to replace prime minister as well as one requiring territorial concessions to the Imam of Muscat, a British ally. See also * Greater Iran * Franco-Persian alliance * British Occupation of Bushehr The British Occupation of Bushehr or Bushire under British Occupation refers to the three times British forces entered Bushehr and occupied this area in Iran during the rule of Qajar dynasty, before and during the World War I. The importance o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farouk Khan 1857 The Illustrated London News
Farooq (also transliterated as Farouk, Faruqi, Farook, Faruk, Faroeq, Faruq, or Farouq, Farooqi, Faruque or Farooqui; ar, فاروق, Fārūq) is a common Arabic given and family name. ''Al-Fārūq'' literally means "the one who distinguishes between right and wrong." Given name Farouk *Farouk of Egypt (1920–1965), King of Egypt and the Sudan *Farouk El-Baz (born 1938), scientist * Farouk Hosny (born 1938), painter * Farouk Janeman (1953–2013), Fijian athlete * Farouk Kaddoumi (born 1931), Palestinian leader *Farouk Kamoun (born 1946), Tunisian scientist *Farouk Lawan (born 1962), Nigerian politician *Farouk Seif Al Nasr (1922–2009), Egyptian politician *Farouk Shami, Palestinian-American businessman *Farouk al-Sharaa (born 1938), Syrian politician Farooq *Farooq Abdullah (born 1937), Indian politician *Farooq Kathwari, United States businessman *Farooq Kperogi, Nigerian academic *Farooq Leghari (1940–2010), eighth President of Pakistan from November 14, 1993 until De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1857 Treaties
Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * January 9 – The 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). * January 24 – The University of Calcutta is established in Calcutta, as the first multidisciplinary modern university in South Asia. The University of Bombay is also established in Bombay, British India, this year. * February 3 – The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet University) is established in Washington, D.C., becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf. * February 5 – The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States is promulgated. * March – The Austrian garrison leaves Bucharest. * March 3 ** France and the United Kingdom formall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of The Qajar Dynasty
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Treaties Of The United Kingdom
Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. Throughout history, leaders have used peacemaking and diplomacy to establish a type of behavioral restraint that has resulted in the establishment of regional peace or economic growth through various forms of agreements or peace treaties. Such behavioral restraint has often resulted in the reduced conflict, greater economic interactivity, and consequently substantial prosperity. "Psychological peace" (such as peaceful thinking and emotions) is perhaps less well defined, yet often a necessary precursor to establishing "behavioural peace." Peaceful behaviour sometimes results from a "peaceful inner disposition." Some have expressed the belief that peace can be initiated with a certain quality of inner tranquility that does not depend upo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran–United Kingdom Relations
Iran–United Kingdom relations are the bilateral relations between the United Kingdom and Iran. Iran, which was called Persia by the West before 1935, has had political relations with England since the late Ilkhanate period (13th century) when King Edward I of England sent Geoffrey of Langley to the Ilkhanid court to seek an alliance. Until the early nineteenth century, Iran was a remote and legendary country for Britain, so much so that the European country never seriously established a diplomatic center, such as a consulate or embassy. By the middle of the nineteenth century, Iran grew in importance as a buffer state to the United Kingdom's dominion over India. Britain fostered conflict between Iran and Afghanistan as a means of forestalling an Afghan invasion of India. History of Anglo–Iranian relations Safavid era In the year 1553, King Edward VI of England hired the wealthy merchant and explorer, Sebastian Cabot to develop a semi-profitable trading company. He was given ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1850s In Paris
Year 185 ( CLXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lascivius and Atilius (or, less frequently, year 938 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 185 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Nobles of Britain demand that Emperor Commodus rescind all power given to Tigidius Perennis, who is eventually executed. * Publius Helvius Pertinax is made governor of Britain and quells a mutiny of the British Roman legions who wanted him to become emperor. The disgruntled usurpers go on to attempt to assassinate the governor. * Tigidius Perennis, his family and many others are executed for conspiring against Commodus. * Commodus drains Rome's treasury to put on gladiatorial spectacles and confiscates property to suppor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1857 In The United Kingdom
Events from the year 1857 in the United Kingdom. Incumbents * Monarch – Victoria * Prime Minister – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston ( Whig) * Parliament – 16th (until 21 March), 17th (starting 30 April) Events * 7 January – London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * 19 February – Lundhill Colliery explosion at Wombwell in the South Yorkshire Coalfield kills 189 miners. * 3 March – France and the United Kingdom formally declare war on China in the Second Opium War. * 5 March – in London, barrister James Townsend Saward receives a sentence of penal transportation for forging cheques. * 27 March–24 April – a general election secures Palmerston's Whigs a clear majority. * 4 April – end of the Anglo-Persian War. * 5 May–17 October – the Art Treasures of Great Britain exhibition is held in Manchester, one of the largest such displays of all time. * 10 May – Indian Rebellion: In India, the Mutiny of XI Native Cavalry of the Bengal Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1857 In France
Events from the year 1857 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Napoleon III Events *3 March - France and the United Kingdom formally declare war on China in the Second Opium War. *21 June - Legislative election held. *5 July - Legislative election held for the second legislature of the French Second Empire. Arts and literature *18 April - The Spirits' Book (Le Livre des Esprits in original French), one of The Five Fundamental Works of Spiritism, is published by the French educator Allan Kardec. * The Flowers of Evil (Les Fleurs du mal in original French), an immensely influential collection of Charles Baudelaire's first poems, is published. Births *4 January - Émile Cohl, caricaturist, cartoonist and animator (died 1938) *18 January - Eugène Gley, physiologist and endocrinologist (died 1930) *12 February - Eugène Atget, photographer (died 1927) *26 February - Émile Coué, psychologist and pharmacist (died 1926) *3 March - Alfred Bruneau, composer (died 1934) *22 March ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1857 In Iran
Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * January 9 – The 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). * January 24 – The University of Calcutta is established in Calcutta, as the first multidisciplinary modern university in South Asia. The University of Bombay is also established in Bombay, British India, this year. * February 3 – The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet University) is established in Washington, D.C., becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf. * February 5 – The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States is promulgated. * March – The Austrian garrison leaves Bucharest. * March 3 ** France and the United Kingdom f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Persian War
The Anglo-Persian War or the Anglo-Iranian War () lasted between 1 November 1856 and 4 April 1857, and was fought between the United Kingdom and Iran, which was ruled by the Qajar dynasty. The war had the British oppose an attempt by Iran to press its claim on the city of Herat. Though Herat had been part of Iran under the Qajar dynasty when the war broke out, it had declared itself independent under its own rebellious emir and placed itself under the protection of the British in India and in alliance with the Emirate of Kabul, the predecessor of the modern state of Afghanistan. The British campaign was successfully conducted under the leadership of Major General Sir James Outram in two theatres: on the southern coast of Persia near Bushehr and in southern Mesopotamia. The war resulted in the Persians withdrawing from Herat and signing a new treaty to surrender its claims on the city and the British withdrawing from southern Iran. Origins In the context of The Great Game, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Occupation Of Bushehr
The British Occupation of Bushehr or Bushire under British Occupation refers to the three times British forces entered Bushehr and occupied this area in Iran during the rule of Qajar dynasty, before and during the World War I. The importance of Bushehr for Britain According to Encyclopædia Iranica, since 1763 the British East India Company was present in Bushehr port because it was commercially important. Later, the British had a problem with Karim Khan Zand (''the ruler of Iran at the time''). Therefore, Britain concentrated its business in the port of Basra, but with the capture of Basra by Karim Khan Zand, the British in 1778 re-established their commercial base in the Persian Gulf in Bushehr and continued to increase their influence in the Gulf for about a century. The first occupation (1838 AD) The first occupation of Bushehr was in 1838 (''1217 Solar Hijri calendar, SH - 1254 Hijri year, AH'') during the reign of Mohammad Shah Qajar, when a British ship anchored in f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franco-Persian Alliance
A Franco-Persian alliance or Franco-Iranian alliance was formed for a short period between the French Empire of Napoleon I and Fath Ali Shah of Qajar Persia against Russia and Great Britain between 1807 and 1809. The alliance was part of a plan to gather extra aid against Russia and by Persia's help, having another front on Russia's southern borders, namely the Caucasus region. The alliance unravelled when France finally allied with Russia and turned its focus to European campaigns. Background Due to the traditional friendly relations of France with the Ottoman Empire formalized by a long-standing Franco-Ottoman alliance, the relations of France with Iran had long been minimal. Instead, a Habsburg-Persian alliance had developed during the 16th century, and when Persian embassies visited Europe with the Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602) and the Persian embassy to Europe (1609–1615), they pointedly avoided France. First rapprochement Later however, France developed rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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