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1845 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1845. Events * February 7: In the British Museum, a drunken visitor smashes the Portland Vase which takes John Doubleday months to repair. Explorations *E. G. Squier and E. H. Davis begin one of the first American scientific archaeological studies, exploring the remains of the prehistoric mound builders of Ohio, leading to the publication of the landmark ''Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley'' three years later. Excavations *Austen Henry Layard begins excavating the Assyrian sites of Nimrud and Nineveh, lasting until 1851. *Early excavation work at Ephesus Finds *Austen Henry Layard finds first group of Nimrud ivories. *The existence of the Lycurgus cup, a piece of glassware demonstrating 4th century AD Roman technology, is reported. *''Approximate date'': When the Rhine is blasted near Bingen am Rhein to deepen and remove rocks, Roman-era iron weapons are dredged from the river bed. Publications * Jean-Françoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the adven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhine
), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , source2_elevation = , source_confluence = Reichenau , source_confluence_location = Tamins, Graubünden, Switzerland , source_confluence_coordinates= , source_confluence_elevation = , mouth = North Sea , mouth_location = Netherlands , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = , basin_size = , tributaries_left = , tributaries_right = , custom_label = , custom_data = , extra = The Rhine ; french: Rhin ; nl, Rijn ; wa, Rén ; li, Rien; rm, label= Sursilvan, Rein, rm, label= Sutsilvan and Surmiran, Ragn, rm, label=Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader and Puter, Rain; it, Reno ; gsw, Rhi(n), inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptology
Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Greek , '' -logia''; ar, علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD. A practitioner of the discipline is an "Egyptologist". In Europe, particularly on the Continent, Egyptology is primarily regarded as being a philological discipline, while in North America it is often regarded as a branch of archaeology. History First explorers The earliest explorers of ancient Egypt were the ancient Egyptians themselves. Inspired by a dream he had, Thutmose IV led an excavation of the Great Sphinx of Giza and inscribed a description of the dream on the Dream Stele The Dream Stele, also called the Sphinx Stele, is an epigraphic stele erected between the front paws of the Great Sphinx of Giza by the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose IV in the first year of the king's reign, 1401 BC, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1933 In Archaeology
Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wishes of U.S. President Herbert Hoover. * January 28 – "Pakistan Declaration": Choudhry Rahmat Ali publishes (in Cambridge, UK) a pamphlet entitled ''Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?'', in which he calls for the creation of a Muslim state in northwest India that he calls " Pakstan"; this influences the Pakistan Movement. * January 30 ** National Socialist German Workers Party leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg. ** Édouard Daladier forms a government in France in succession to Joseph Paul-Boncour. He is succeeded on October 26 by Albert Sarraut and on November 26 by Camille Chautemps. February * February 1 – Adolf Hitler gives his "Proclamation to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archibald Sayce
The Rev. Archibald Henry Sayce (25 September 18454 February 1933) was a pioneer British Assyriologist and linguist, who held a chair as Professor of Assyriology at the University of Oxford from 1891 to 1919. He was able to write in at least twenty ancient and modern languages, and was known for his emphasis on the importance of archaeological and monumental evidence in linguistic research. He was a contributor to articles in the 9th, 10th and 11th editions of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.Important Contributors to the ''Britannica'', 9th and 10th Editions 1902encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 17 April 2017. Life Sayce was born in |
1919 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1919. Events * 22 May: A. E. Douglass provides the first comparative dendrochronology datings, to Clark Wissler of the American Museum of Natural History for sites in New Mexico. Explorations * Julio C. Tello makes the first scientific survey of Chavin de Huantar in Peru. * Late: Col. William Hawley begins work at Stonehenge in England. Excavations * St Piran's Old Church, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England. * Excavation of Tell al-'Ubaid in Mesopotamia by Henry Hall of the British Museum begins. * 1919–1921: Graig Lwyd Neolithic stone axe factory in North Wales. Finds * 12 May: Traprain Treasure of Roman silver found in Scotland. Publications * Katherine Routledge – ''The Mystery of Easter Island: the story of an expedition''. Births * 13 March: Mualla Eyüboğlu, Turkish restoration architect (died 2009). * 23 October: Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist (died 1992). Deaths * 1 October: Francis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest Volk
Ernest Volk (August 25, 1845 — September 15, 1919) was a German-born archaeologist and naturalist.Eggers 1920, p. 97. He is best known for his twenty-two-year investigation of the early human occupation of the Delaware River Valley in the United States.Mann 2005, pp. 163-164. Biography Volk was born in Waldkirch, Germany, on August 25, 1845. He emigrated in 1867 and arrived in the United States that same year, spending the rest of his life in Trenton, New Jersey. In 1899, he began working for Frederic Ward Putnam of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology for two decades, helping to add to the collection through excavations of Trenton. In addition to his specimens at the Peabody Museum, Volk's contributions can also be found at the Field Museum of Natural History and the American Museum of Natural History, as well as at several universities. Volk was a curator of a collection he compiled at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893.Cleary 1929, Chapter XV, II. Trento ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1920 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1920. Explorations * Synagogue of Tomar identified in Portugal. Excavations * Work begins at Pueblo Bonito and other sites in Chaco Canyon by Neil Merton Judd for the National Geographic Society (through 1927). * Work begins on the Philistine site at Ashkelon (then al-Majdal) by John Garstang (through 1921). Finds * March 30: Wall paintings at the Temple of Bel, Dura Europos on the Euphrates are discovered by a soldier. * November 29: The Kedukan Bukit inscription, a stone written in the Pallava script of the Malay language and dated May 1, 683 AD (604 in the local calendar), is unearthed on the banks of the Tatang River on the Indonesian island of Sumatra at Palembang, significant as containing the earliest dated use of a symbol for zero and the oldest example of the Malay language. * Hoby treasure is discovered on the Danish island of Lolland. Publications * Sylvanus Morley - ''The Inscriptions of Copán'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Dressel
Heinrich Dressel (June 16, 1845 in Rome – July 17, 1920 in Teisendorf) was a German archaeologist. He studied under Theodor Mommsen in Berlin, and later received his doctorate from the University of Göttingen with the thesis "''De Isidori Originum fontibus''" (1874). In 1878 he became a professor at the German Archaeological Institute in Rome, and in 1898 was appointed director of the ''Münzkabinett'' (numismatic cabinet) in Berlin. He is best known for several books on Latin inscriptions, and he is the discoverer of the Duenos inscription in 1880 on the Quirinal Hill in Rome, one of the earliest known Old Latin texts, variously dated from the 7th to the 5th century BC. Dressel also developed a typology for classifying ancient amphorae, based on his pioneering excavations at Monte Testaccio in Rome. Dressel is also known for his work in numismatics, and was awarded the medal of the Royal Numismatic Society The Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society was first awarded in 1883. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1888 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1888. Explorations * Chaco Canyon is surveyed and photographed by Victor and Cosmos Mindeleff of the Bureau of American Ethnology. *Heinrich Schliemann attempts to locate the tomb of Alexander the Great in Alexandria, but is denied permission to excavate. Excavations * May 22 - Augustus Pitt Rivers begins excavation of Bokerly Dyke. * Excavations of Hawara in Egypt by Flinders Petrie, finds including papyri containing parts of Homer's '' Iliad'' (the "Hawara Homer"), and the Fayum mummy portraits. * Excavations of Nippur sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania begin (continues through 1900). * Excavations of the Cadmea (Καδμεία, citadel) in Thebes, Greece, by the German Archaeological Institute at Athens begin. * Carl Humann directs new excavations in Sam'al and a trial excavation in Tralles (modern Aydın). Finds *December 18 - Discovery of three villages by Richard Wetherill and his brother-in-law Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucy Wright Mitchell
Lucy Myers Wright Mitchell (March 20, 1845 – March 10, 1888) was an American writer, historian, and expert on ancient art. Mitchell was one of the first Americans to write and publish a book on classical sculpture and was one of the first women to study the field of classical archaeology.Dyson, Stephen.Lucy Wright Mitchell. Breaking Ground: Women in Old World Archaeology. Brown University. Retrieved December 25, 2021. Mitchell was born in Urumiah, Persia, and was the daughter of Church of the East missionary and oriental scholar Austin Hazen Wright, and the sister of classical scholar, John Henry Wright. She attended Mount Holyoke College Mount Holyoke College is a private liberal arts women's college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. It is the oldest member of the historic Seven Sisters colleges, a group of elite historically women's colleges in the Northeastern United States. ... and later moved to Germany with her husband, artist Samuel S. Mitchell, before returning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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