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1792 In Architecture
The year 1792 in architecture involved some significant events. Buildings and structures Buildings * May 16 – La Fenice theatre in Venice, designed by Gianantonio Selva, is inaugurated with an opera performance. * August 22–31 – Columbus Obelisk in Baltimore, Maryland. * October 13 – Work begins on the White House, designed by James Hoban, in Washington, D.C. * Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo, Russia is built. * Church of St John-at-Hackney in London, designed by James Spiller, is built. * Stenbock House in Tallinn, designed by Johann Caspar Mohr, is completed. * The Old State House (Connecticut) in Hartford is probably designed by Charles Bulfinch (his first commission for a public building). * Manjarabad fort in India is built. * Sir John Soane begins work on his house in London, which becomes the Soane Museum. Awards * Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: Pierre-Charles-Joseph Normand. Births * June 15 – Philip Hardwick, English architect (died 1870) * August 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Bulfinch
Charles Bulfinch (August 8, 1763 – April 15, 1844) was an early American architect, and has been regarded by many as the first American-born professional architect to practice.Baltzell, Edward Digby. ''Puritan Boston & Quaker Philadelphia''. Transaction Publishers (1996), p. 322-24. . Life Bulfinch split his career between his native Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C., where he served as Commissioner of Public Building and built the intermediate United States Capitol rotunda and dome. His works are notable for their simplicity, balance, and good taste, and as the origin of a distinctive Federal style of classical domes, columns, and ornament that dominated early 19th-century American architecture. Early life Bulfinch was born in Boston to Thomas Bulfinch, a prominent physician, and his wife, Susan Apthorp, daughter of Charles Apthorp. At the age of 12, he watched the Battle of Bunker Hill from this home on the Boston side of the Charles River. He was educated at Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Smeaton
John Smeaton (8 June 1724 – 28 October 1792) was a British civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent physicist. Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed "civil engineer", and is often regarded as the "father of civil engineering".Mark Denny (2007). "Ingenium: Five Machines That Changed the World". p. 34. JHU Press. He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime in concrete, using pebbles and powdered brick as aggregate. Smeaton was associated with the Lunar Society. Law and physics Smeaton was born in Austhorpe, Leeds, England. After studying at Leeds Grammar School he joined his father's law firm, but left to become a mathematical instrument maker (working with Henry Hindley), developing, among other instruments, a pyrometer to study material expansion. In 1750, his premises were in the Great Turnstile in Holborn. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1753 and in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1728 In Architecture
The year 1728 in architecture involved some significant events. Events * October 20–23 – Copenhagen Fire of 1728. Buildings and structures Buildings * Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Expectación in San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, is completed. * Seaton Delaval Hall in Northumberland, designed by Sir John Vanbrugh (died 1726 in architecture, 1726), is completed. * White Lodge, Richmond Park, near London, designed by Roger Morris (1695–1749), Roger Morris, is completed as Stone Lodge. * St John's, Smith Square in London, designed by Thomas Archer, is completed for the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches. Publications * James Gibbs' ''A Book of Architecture, containing designs of buildings and ornaments'' is published in London, including a version of the Gibbs surround. Awards * Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: Antoine-Victor Desmarais. Births * February 12 – Étienne-Louis Boullée (died 1799 in architecture, 1799) * February 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Adam
Robert Adam (3 July 17283 March 1792) was a British neoclassical architect, interior designer and furniture designer. He was the son of William Adam (1689–1748), Scotland's foremost architect of the time, and trained under him. With his older brother John, Robert took on the family business, which included lucrative work for the Board of Ordnance, after William's death. In 1754, he left for Rome, spending nearly five years on the continent studying architecture under Charles-Louis Clérisseau and Giovanni Battista Piranesi. On his return to Britain he established a practice in London, where he was joined by his younger brother James. Here he developed the "Adam Style", and his theory of "movement" in architecture, based on his studies of antiquity and became one of the most successful and fashionable architects in the country. Adam held the post of Architect of the King's Works from 1761 to 1769. Robert Adam was a leader of the first phase of the classical revival in En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1871 In Architecture
The year 1871 in architecture involved some significant events. Events * Abraham Hirsch is appointed chief architect of the French city of Lyon. * Martin & Chamberlain are appointed architects for the Birmingham board schools in England. * (end of year) – At the Vienna Hofburg, groundbreaking is held for the new Imperial Natural History Museum (), beginning a 20-year construction project. Buildings and structures Buildings opened * March 29 – The Royal Albert Hall in London, designed by Francis Fowke and H. Y. Darracott Scott. * September 14 – Hokkaidō Shrine, Sapporo, Japan. * September 27 – Rochdale Town Hall, England, designed by William Henry Crossland. * October 15 – Church of the Holy Name of Jesus, Manchester, England, designed by Joseph A. Hansom & Son. Buildings completed * Alexandria City Hall, Virginia, USA, designed by Adolph Cluss * Christ Church, Nazareth, Israel * Church of Saint-Augustin, Paris, designed by Victor Baltard * Fort Teremba, New Cale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Deane
Sir Thomas Deane (Cork, 1792 – Dublin, 1871) was an Irish architect. He was the father of Sir Thomas Newenham Deane, and grandfather of Sir Thomas Manly Deane, who were also architects. Life Thomas Deane was born in Cork, the eldest son of Alexander Deane, a builder, and Elizabeth Sharpe. His grandparents and uncle were also builders and architects, and had married into families of the same professions, the Kearns and Hargraves. His father died in 1806, leaving his mother with seven children to bring up. There was a flaw in his will, which prevented Mrs. Deane from acquiring the properties that he owned in Cork city, and a private Act of Parliament was required to enable her to gain the leases of the properties. Mrs. Deane continued the family business, and Thomas started work there at fourteen years of age. In 1811 he designed his first building, the Cork Commercial Buildings, on South Mall, won in competition against William Wilkins (1778–1839). Deane was to the forefron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1867 In Architecture
The year 1867 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Events * May 12 – Construction work begins on Toluca Cathedral in Mexico. * May 20 – Queen Victoria lays the foundation stone for the Royal Albert Hall in London, designed by Captain Francis Fowke and Colonel H. Y. Darracott Scott. * Joseph Monier patents reinforced concrete. * Ildefons Cerdà publishes ''Teoría General de la Urbanización'' ("General Theory of Urbanization"). * The United States Congress directs the United States Army Corps of Engineers to begin improvements on the Navigation Structures at Frankfort Harbor, Michigan. Buildings and structures Buildings opened * January 1 – The John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge in Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky, United States * May 11 – St Nedelya Church, Sofia, Bulgaria (rebuilt) * July 30 – Kvæfjord Church, Norway, designed by Jacob Wilhelm Nordan * July 31 – St Giles Church, Willenhall, England (consecrated) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakob Ignaz Hittorff
Jacques Ignace Hittorff or, in German, Jakob Ignaz Hittorff (, ) (Cologne, 20 August 1792 – 25 March 1867) was a German-born French architect who combined advanced structural use of new materials, notably cast iron, with conservative Beaux-Arts classicism in a career that spanned the decades from the Restoration to the Second Empire. Biography After serving an apprenticeship to a mason in his native city, he went in 1810 to Paris, and studied for some years at the Académie des Beaux-Arts while working concurrently as a draughtsman for Charles Percier. At the Académie, he was a favourite pupil of the government architect François-Joseph Bélanger, who employed him in the construction of one of the first cast-iron constructions in France, the cast-iron and glass dome of the grain market, '' Halle au Blé'' (1808–13). In 1814, Bélanger appointed Hittorff his principal inspector on construction sites. Succeeding Bélanger as government architect in 1818, Hittorff de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1870 In Architecture
The year 1870 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Buildings and structures Buildings * January 6 – The Musikverein in Vienna, designed by Theophil Hansen, is inaugurated. * May 1 – Equitable Life Building (New York City), designed by Arthur Gilman and Edward H. Kendall, with George B. Post as a consulting engineer, is completed. The 7-storey building is the first office block to incorporate passenger elevators, hydraulic examples by the Elisha Otis company. * June 23 – Keble College, Oxford, designed by William Butterfield, is opened. * August 9 – Melbourne Town Hall, Melbourne, Australia is opened. * November – University of Glasgow new campus building, designed by George Gilbert Scott, is opened. * Perth Town Hall in Australia, designed by Richard Roach Jewell and James Manning, is completed. * David Sassoon Library in Bombay, designed by J. Campbell and G. E. Gosling, is completed. * Khotan Mosque in China is built. * App ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Hardwick
Philip Hardwick (15 June 1792 in London – 28 December 1870) was an English architect, particularly associated with railway stations and warehouses in London and elsewhere. Hardwick is probably best known for London's demolished Euston Arch and its twin station, the original Birmingham Curzon Street, which stands today as the oldest railway terminus building in the world. Career Hardwick was born at 9 Rathbone Place (since demolished) in Westminster, London. He was educated at Dr Barrow's school in Soho Square and trained as an architect under his father, Thomas Hardwick Jr. (1752–1829), who was in turn the son of architect Thomas Hardwick Sr. (1725–1798). The Hardwick family name spans over 150 years in the history of British architecture. Philip Hardwick entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1808 and then studied in France and Italy from 1815 to 1819. After travelling Europe, he took over from his father as Surveyor to St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. This post l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Prix De Rome
The Prix de Rome () or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change. History The Prix de Rome was initially created for painters and sculptors in 1663 in France, during the reign of Louis XIV. It was an annual bursary for promising artists having proved their talents by completing a very difficult elimination contest. To succeed, a student had to create a sketch on an assigned topic while isolated in a closed booth with no reference material to draw on. The prize, organised by the Académie Royale de Peinture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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