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1664 In Science
The year 1664 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * May 9 – Robert Hooke discovers Jupiter's Great Red Spot. Biology * Francesco Redi writes ''Osservazioni intorno alle vipere'' ("Observations about the Viper"), demonstrating that popular beliefs about venom are untrue. Mathematics * January 18 – Isaac Barrow is appointed first Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. * Blaise Pascal's paper on the properties of the triangle is published posthumously. Medicine * Thomas Willis publishes ''Cerebri Anatome, cui accessit nervorum descriptio et usus'' in London, including illustrations by Christopher Wren. This contains an accurate account of the nervous system and introduces the term "neurology". Births * February 24 – Thomas Newcomen, English inventor (died 1729) * September 22 – Catherine Jérémie, French-Canadian botanist (died 1744) Deaths * July 11 (''bur.'') – Jan Janssonius, Dutch cartographer (born 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Newcomen
Thomas Newcomen (; February 1664 – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor who created the atmospheric engine, the first practical fuel-burning engine in 1712. He was an ironmonger by trade and a Baptist lay preacher by calling. He was born in Dartmouth, in Devon, England, to a merchant family and baptised at St. Saviour's Church on 28 February 1664. In those days flooding in coal and tin mines was a major problem. Newcomen was soon engaged in trying to improve ways to pump out the water from such mines. His ironmonger's business specialised in designing, manufacturing and selling tools for the mining industry. Religious life Thomas Newcomen was a lay preacher and a teaching elder in the local Baptist church. After 1710 he became the pastor of a local group of Baptists. His father had been one of a group who brought the well-known Puritan John Flavel to Dartmouth. Later one of Newcomen's business contacts in London, Edward Wallin, was another Baptist minister who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1664 In Science
The year 1664 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * May 9 – Robert Hooke discovers Jupiter's Great Red Spot. Biology * Francesco Redi writes ''Osservazioni intorno alle vipere'' ("Observations about the Viper"), demonstrating that popular beliefs about venom are untrue. Mathematics * January 18 – Isaac Barrow is appointed first Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. * Blaise Pascal's paper on the properties of the triangle is published posthumously. Medicine * Thomas Willis publishes ''Cerebri Anatome, cui accessit nervorum descriptio et usus'' in London, including illustrations by Christopher Wren. This contains an accurate account of the nervous system and introduces the term "neurology". Births * February 24 – Thomas Newcomen, English inventor (died 1729) * September 22 – Catherine Jérémie, French-Canadian botanist (died 1744) Deaths * July 11 (''bur.'') – Jan Janssonius, Dutch cartographer (born 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1610 In Science
The year 1610 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * January 7 – Galileo Galilei first observes the four large Galilean moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io, although he is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following night. In the same year he publishes his first observations by telescope in a short treatise entitled ''Sidereus Nuncius'' ("Sidereal Messenger"). * December – English scientist Thomas Harriot becomes one of the first to view sunspots through a telescope * The Orion Nebula is discovered by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc. Medicine * Diphtheria epidemic in Naples, during which Marco Aurelio Severino performs successful tracheotomies. Technology * Jean Beguin publishes '' Tyrocinium Chymicum'', the first book of chemistry lectures. * Tinsel is invented by a German silversmith, who uses real silver for the metal strands. * Bagels are created in Krakow, Poland and given as gifts to women after ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesia
Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions, Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the east. Silesia has a diverse culture, including architecture, costumes, cuisine, traditions, and the Silesian language (minority in Upper Silesia). Silesia is along the Oder River, with the Sudeten Mountains extending across the southern border. The region contains many historical landmarks and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is also rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. The largest city and Lower Silesia's capital is Wrocław; the historic capital of Upper Silesia is Opole. The biggest metropolitan area is the Upper Silesian metropolitan area, the centre of which is Katowice. Parts of the Czech city of Ostrav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Cunitz
Maria Cunitz or Maria CunitiaCunitz, Maria. "Urania propitia, sive Tabulæ Astronomicæ mirè faciles, vim hypothesium physicarum à Kepplero proditarum complexae; facillimo calculandi compendio, sine ullâ logarithmorum mentione paenomenis satisfacientes; Quarum usum pro tempore praesente, exacto et futuro succincte praescriptum cum artis cultoribus communicat Maria Cunitia. Das ist: Newe und Langgewünschete, leichte Astronomische Tabelln, etc.", Oels, Silesia,1650. (other versions of surname include: ''Cunicia, Cunitzin,'' ''Kunic, Cunitiae, Kunicia, Kunicka''; 1610 – 22 August 1664) was an accomplished Silesian astronomer, and the most notable female astronomer of the early modern era. She authored a book ''Urania propitia'', in which she provided new tables, new ephemera, and a simpler working solution to Kepler's second law for determining the position of a planet on its elliptical path. The Cunitz crater on Venus is named after her. The minor planet 12624 Mariacunitia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1588 In Science
The year 1588 in science and technology, Armada year, included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * Tycho Brahe publishes ''De mundi aetheri recentioribus phaenomenis'' in Uraniborg. * Giovanni Paolo Gallucci publishes his star atlas ''Theatrum Mundi et Temporis'' (Theater of the world and time). History of science * October 7 – The first biography of Nicolaus Copernicus (died 1543) is completed by Bernardino Baldi. Mathematics * Pietro Cataldi discovers the sixth and seventh Mersenne primes by this year. * Giovanni Antonio Magini Giovanni Antonio Magini (in Latin, Maginus) (13 June 1555 – 11 February 1617) was an Italian astronomer, astrologer, cartographer, and mathematician. His Life He was born in Padua, and completed studies in philosophy in Bologna in 1579. Hi ... is chosen over Galileo Galilei, Galileo to occupy the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna after the death of Egnatio Danti. * Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartographer
Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: * Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as Toponomy, toponyms or political boundaries. * Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections. * Eliminate characteristics of the mapped object that are not relevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of Cartographic generalization, generalization. * Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generaliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherlands , established_title2 = Act of Abjuration , established_date2 = 26 July 1581 , established_title3 = Peace of Münster , established_date3 = 30 January 1648 , established_title4 = Kingdom established , established_date4 = 16 March 1815 , established_title5 = Liberation Day (Netherlands), Liberation Day , established_date5 = 5 May 1945 , established_title6 = Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Kingdom Charter , established_date6 = 15 December 1954 , established_title7 = Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean reorganisation , established_date7 = 10 October 2010 , official_languages = Dutch language, Dutch , languages_type = Regional languages , languages_sub = yes , languages = , languages2_type = Reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Janssonius
Johannes Janssonius (1588, Arnhem – buried July 11, 1664, Amsterdam) (born Jan Janszoon, in English also Jan Jansson) was a Dutch cartographer and publisher who lived and worked in Amsterdam in the 17th century. Biography Janssonius was born in Arnhem, the son of Jan Janszoon the Elder, a publisher and bookseller. In 1612 he married Elisabeth de Hondt, the daughter of Jodocus Hondius. He produced his first maps in 1616 of France and Italy. In 1623 Janssonius owned a bookstore in Frankfurt am Main, later also in Danzig, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Berlin, Königsberg, Geneva and Lyon. His wife Elisabeth died in 1627 and he married Elisabeth Carlier in 1629. He formed a partnership with his brother in law Henricus Hondius, and together they published atlases as Mercator/Hondius/Janssonius. Under the leadership of Janssonius the Hondius Atlas was steadily enlarged. Renamed ''Atlas Novus'', it had three volumes in 1638, one fully dedicated to Italy. In 1646, a fourth volume came ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1744 In Science
The year 1744 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Great Comet of 1744, first sighted in 1743, remains visible until April (perihelion about March 1). Cartography * César-François Cassini de Thury publishes a new triangulated map of France. Earth sciences * Susanna Drury's illustrations of the Giant's Causeway in northern Ireland are engraved by François Vivares in London (1743–4), bringing the rock formation to wide European notice. Mathematics * Leonhard Euler discovers the catenoid and proves it to be a minimal surface. Medicine * By July – Northampton General Hospital established as Northampton Infirmary in England. Awards * Copley Medal: Henry Baker Births * March 7 - Jean-Baptiste Dumangin, French physician (died 1826) * June 22 – Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben, German naturalist (died 1777) * August 1 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French naturalist (died 1829) * August 16 – Pierre Méchain, French astronomer (died 180 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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