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1627 In Science
The year 1627 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Johannes Kepler's ''Rudolphine Tables'' are published. Exploration * January – The Netherlands, Dutch ship '''t Gulden Zeepaert (schip, 1626), 't Gulden Zeepaert'', skippered by François Thijssen, sails along the south coast of Australia. Medicine * Adriaan van den Spiegel's ' is published posthumously in Venice with illustrations by Giulio Casserio. * Gaspare Aselli's ' is published posthumously in Milan. Publications * Francis Bacon's '', or A Natural History'' and ''New Atlantis'' are published posthumously. Births * January 25 – Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish chemist (died 1691 in science, 1691) * November 29 – John Ray, English people, English naturalist (died 1705 in science, 1705) Deaths * February 22 – Olivier van Noort Dutch people, Dutch circumnavigator (born 1558 in science, 1558) * July 20 – Guðbrandur Þorláksson, Icelandic mathematician and cartographer (born 1541 in sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1691 In Science
The year 1691 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology * Italian Jesuit scholar Filippo Bonanni publishes the results of his microscopic observations of invertebrates in ''Observationes circa Viventia, quae in Rebus non-Viventibus''. Mathematics * Gottfried Leibniz discovers the technique of separation of variables for ordinary differential equations. * Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem. Medicine * Anton Nuck's ''Adenographia curiosa et uteri foeminei anatome nova'' is published at Leiden, including a description of the canal of Nuck and a demonstration that the embryo is derived from the ovary and not the sperm. Technology * Edmond Halley devises a diving bell. * In music, the "equal temperament scale" used in modern music is developed by organist Andreas Werckmeister. Births * November 18 – Mårten Triewald, Sweden, Swedish mechanical engineer (died 1747 in science, 1747) Deaths * January 17 – Richard Lower (physician), Richard Lower, Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1541 In Science
The year 1541 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Cartography * Gerardus Mercator makes his first terrestrial globe, for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. * Georg Joachim Rheticus publishes ''Tabula chorographica auff Preussen und etliche umbliegende lender'' in Wittenberg. Exploration * May 8 – Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River, naming it ''Rio de Espiritu Santo''. * May 23 – French explorer Jacques Cartier departs from Saint-Malo on his third voyage. Medicine * Jacques Dubois publishes ''In Hippocratis et Galeni Physiologiae partem anatomicam isagoge'' in Paris and Vesalius publishes ''Anatomicarum institutionum ex Galeni sententia, libri III .. His accesserunt Theophili Protospatarii, De corporis humani fabrica, libri V. Item Hippocratis Coi De medicates purgatories, libellus nunquam ante nostra tempora inlucem editus'' in Lyon. Births * April 8 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and botan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartographer
Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: * Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as Toponomy, toponyms or political boundaries. * Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections. * Eliminate characteristics of the mapped object that are not relevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of Cartographic generalization, generalization. * Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generaliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its surrounding areas) is home to over 65% of the population. Iceland is the biggest part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that rises above sea level, and its central volcanic plateau is erupting almost constantly. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate. According to the ancient manuscript , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guðbrandur Þorláksson
Guðbrandur Þorláksson or Gudbrand Thorlakssøn ( – 20 July 1627) was bishop of Hólar from 8 April 1571 until his death. He was the longest-serving bishop in Iceland and is known for printing the '' Guðbrandsbiblía'', first complete Icelandic translation of the Bible. Early life Guðbrandur was the son of Þorláks Hallgrímssonar, a priest based at in Miðfjörður, and Helga Jónsdóttir, the daughter of the lawyer . Guðbrandur studied at Hólar College from 1553 to 1559 and then went to the University of Copenhagen where he studied theology and logic. Guðbrandur was one of the first Icelanders to study in Denmark instead of in Germany. After returning to Iceland in 1564, he served as rector of the Skálholt School for three years before becoming a priest at historic Breiðabólstaður in Vesturhóp. Bishop In 1571, the Danish King Frederick II named Guðbrandur Bishop of Hólar on the recommendation of Poul Madsen, bishop of Zealand, who had been his teacher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1558 In Science
The year 1558 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Economics * November – Thomas Gresham states Gresham's law. Exploration * English explorer Anthony Jenkinson travels from Moscow to Astrakhan and Bokhara. He is the first Englishman to note that the Amu Darya changed course to start flowing into the Aral Sea. Music * Venetian composer Gioseffo Zarlino accurately describes meantone temperament in . Publications * Giambattista della Porta publishes the popular science book ''Magia Naturalis'' in Naples. * First publication of Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt's 13th century ''Epistola de magnete'', edited by Achilles Gasser and printed in Augsburg. Awards * September 4 – John Feild receives a confirmation of arms in England and the grant of a crest allusive to his attainments in astronomy. Births * Robert Alaine, English astronomer (died 1603) * André du Laurens, French physician and gerontologist (died 1609) * Olivier van ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumnavigator
Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth. The first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth was the Magellan–Elcano expedition, which sailed from Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Since the rise of commercial aviation in the late 20th century, circumnavigating Earth is straightforward, usually taking days instead of years. Today, the challenge of circumnavigating Earth has shifted towards human and technological endurance, speed, and less conventional methods. Etymology The word ''circumnavigation'' is a noun formed from the verb ''circumnavigate'', from the past participle of the Latin verb '' circumnavigare'', from ''circum'' "around" + ''navigare'' "to sail" (see further Navigation § Etymology). Definition A person walking completely around either pole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch People
The Dutch (Dutch: ) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Netherlands. They share a common history and culture and speak the Dutch language. Dutch people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in Aruba, Suriname, Guyana, Curaçao, Argentina, Brazil, Canada,Based on Statistics Canada, Canada 2001 Censusbr>Linkto Canadian statistics. Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and the United States.According tFactfinder.census.gov The Low Countries were situated around the border of France and the Holy Roman Empire, forming a part of their respective peripheries and the various territories of which they consisted had become virtually autonomous by the 13th century. Under the Habsburgs, the Netherlands were organised into a single administrative unit, and in the 16th and 17th centuries the Northern Netherlands gained independence from Spain as the Dutch Republic. The high degree of urbanization characteristic of Dutch society was attained at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olivier Van Noort
Olivier van Noort (1558 – 22 February 1627) was a Dutch merchant captain and pirate and the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world.Quanchi, ''Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands'', page 246 Olivier van Noort was born in 1558 in Utrecht. He left Rotterdam on 2 July 1598 with four ships and a plan to attack Spanish possessions in the Pacific and to trade with China and the Spice Islands during the Eighty Years' War between the Netherlands and Spain. His ships were poorly equipped, especially in the way of armament, and the crews were unruly. Nonetheless, Van Noort sailed through the Strait of Magellan, and captured a number of ships (Spanish and otherwise) along the Pacific coast of South America. While in the strait his men killed around forty indigenous Selknam, in what was the bloodiest recorded event in the strait until then. He lost two ships on the way due to a storm, including his largest ship, the ''Hendrick Frederick'', whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1705 In Science
The year 1705 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Edmond Halley, in his ''Synopsis Astronomia Cometicae'', states that comets seen in 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 were actually a single comet and correctly predicts that it will return in 1758. Life sciences * Dutch lepidopterist Maria Merian publishes ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium''. * French anatomist Raymond Vieussens publishes ''Novum vasorum corporis humani systema'', considered an early classic work on cardiology. * French surgeon Jean Louis Petit publishes ''L'Art de guerir les maladies des os'', the first significant work on bone disease. Other events * April 16 – Isaac Newton is knighted by Anne, Queen of Great Britain. Births * February 22 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist (died 1735) * April 11 – William Cookworthy, English chemist (died 1780) * June 21 – David Hartley, English physician and psychologist (died 1757) * ''undated'' – Charles Labelye, Swiss engin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
