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1614 In Science
The year 1614 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * Scottish mathematician John Napier publishes ''Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio'' ("Description of the Admirable Table of Logarithms"), outlining his discovery of logarithms and incorporating the decimal mark. Astronomer Johannes Kepler soon begins to employ logarithms in his description of the Solar System. Medicine * Felix Plater gives a description of Dupuytren's contracture. * Sanctorius publishes ''De statica medicina'', which will go through five editions in the following century. Births * February 14 – Bishop John Wilkins, English natural philosopher, co-founder of the Royal Society (died 1672) Deaths * July 28 – Felix Plater, Swiss physician (born 1536) * Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, Portuguese-born navigator (born 1565) * William Lee, English-born inventor (born c. 1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Wilkins
John Wilkins, (14 February 1614 – 19 November 1672) was an Anglican clergyman, natural philosopher, and author, and was one of the founders of the Royal Society. He was Bishop of Chester from 1668 until his death. Wilkins is one of the few persons to have headed a college at both the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. He was a polymath, although not one of the most important scientific innovators of the period. His personal qualities were brought out, and obvious to his contemporaries, in reducing political tension in Interregnum Oxford, in founding the Royal Society on non-partisan lines, and in efforts to reach out to Protestant Nonconformists. He was one of the founders of the new natural theology compatible with the science of the time. He is particularly known for '' An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language'' (1668) in which, amongst other things, he proposed a universal language and an integrated system of measurement, simil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1614 In Science
The year 1614 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * Scottish mathematician John Napier publishes ''Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio'' ("Description of the Admirable Table of Logarithms"), outlining his discovery of logarithms and incorporating the decimal mark. Astronomer Johannes Kepler soon begins to employ logarithms in his description of the Solar System. Medicine * Felix Plater gives a description of Dupuytren's contracture. * Sanctorius publishes ''De statica medicina'', which will go through five editions in the following century. Births * February 14 – Bishop John Wilkins, English natural philosopher, co-founder of the Royal Society (died 1672) Deaths * July 28 – Felix Plater, Swiss physician (born 1536) * Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, Portuguese-born navigator (born 1565) * William Lee, English-born inventor (born c. 1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1563 In Science
The year 1563 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Medicine and physiology * June–October – Outbreak of bubonic plague in London kills over 20,000. * Bartolomeo Eustachi publishes ''De Renibus'' (including his discovery of the adrenal glands) and ''Libellus De Dentibus'' (in Venice), a pioneering text on dentition. * Garcia de Orta publishes ''Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India'' in Goa, the first text in a Western language on tropical medicine and drugs, including a classic description of cholera. * Felix Würtz publishes his critical treatise on surgery, ''Praktika der Wundartzney'', in Basel. Publications * ''prob. date'' – Bernardino Telesio – ''De Rerum Natura Iuxta Propria Principia''. Births * October 14 – Jodocus Hondius, Flemish cartographer (died 1612) * Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (died 1638) * Yi Su-gwang, Korean scholar-bureaucrat (died 1628) * Walter Warner, English scientist (die ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Lee (inventor)
William Lee (1563–1614) was an English clergyman and inventor who devised the first stocking frame knitting machine in 1589, the only one in use for centuries. Its principle of operation remains in use. Lee was born in the village of Calverton, Nottinghamshire. He entered Christ's College, Cambridge in 1579 as a sizar and graduated from St. John's College in 1582. Stocking frame knitting machine Lee was a curate at Calverton when he is said to have developed the machine because a woman whom he was courting showed more interest in knitting than in him (or alternatively that his wife was a very slow knitter). His first machine produced a coarse wool, for stockings. Refused a patent by Queen Elizabeth I, he built an improved machine that increased the number of needles per inch from 8 to 20 and produced a silk of finer texture, but the queen again denied him a patent because of her concern for the employment security of the kingdom's many hand knitters whose livelihood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1565 In Science
The year 1565 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Earth sciences * Conrad Gessner publishes '' De omni rerum fossilium genere, gemmis, lapidibus, metallis, et huiusmod'' in Zürich. Medicine * College of Physicians of London empowered to carry out human dissections. * The first hospital in the Philippines is established by the Spanish in Cebu. * First publication of ''Dos libros ...'' (''Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales'' or "Medical study of the products imported from our West Indian possessions") by Spanish physician and botanist Nicolás Monardes. Technology * October – The first Martello tower, the Torra di Mortella, designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino (el Fratin), is completed as part of the Genovese defence system at Mortella (Myrtle) Point in Upper Corsica. * Roger Taverner writes his ''Arte of'' '. Births * April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (died 1599) * Novem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Fernandes De Queirós
Pedro Fernandes de Queirós ( es, Pedro Fernández de Quirós) (1563–1614) was a Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain. He is best known for his involvement with Spanish voyages of discovery in the Pacific Ocean, in particular the 1595–1596 voyage of Álvaro de Mendaña y Neira, and for leading a 1605–1606 expedition that crossed the Pacific in search of Terra Australis. Early life Queirós (or Quirós as he signed) was born in Évora, Portugal in 1563. As the Portuguese and Spanish monarchies had been unified under the king of Spain in 1580 (following the vacancy of the Portuguese throne, which lasted for sixty years, until 1640, when the Portuguese monarchy was restored), Queirós entered Spanish service as a young man and became an experienced seaman and navigator. In April 1595 he joined Álvaro de Mendaña y Neira on his voyage to colonize the Solomon Islands, serving as chief pilot. After Mendaña's death in October 1595, Queirós is credited with taking comman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1536 In Science
The year 1536 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Botany * Charles Estienne publishes ''Seminarium, et Plantarium fructiferarum praesertim arborum quae post hortos conseri solent, Denuo auctum & locupletatum. Huic accessit alter libellus de conserendis arboribus in seminario: deque iis in plantarium transserendis atque inserendis'' in Paris. * Jean Ruelle publishes ''De Natura stirpium libri tres'' in Paris, the first general descriptive botany to be printed. Exploration * July 15 – Jacques Cartier's expedition returns to Saint-Malo. * End of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca's expedition in the Americas. Mathematics * Adam Ries publishes his book of tables for calculating everyday prices ''Ein Gerechent Büchlein auff den Schöffel Eimer vnd Pfundtgewicht…'' Physiology and medicine * German physician Johann Dryander (Eichmann) publishes ''Anatomia capitis humani'' in Marburg, the first book on the anatomy of the human head. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment—the ''science'' of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied practice—the art or ''craft'' of medicine. Both the role of the physician and the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1672 In Science
The year 1672 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * John Flamsteed determines the solar parallax from observations of Mars. * Giovanni Cassini discovers Rhea, a satellite of Saturn. * Sir Isaac Newton reads his first ''Optiks'' paper before the Royal Society of London. Botany * Robert Morison publishes ''Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio Nova, per Tabulas Cognationis et Affinitatis, ex Libra Naturae observata et detecta'', the first monograph devoted to a specific group of plants, the ''Umbelliferae''. Mathematics * Georg Mohr publishes the Mohr–Mascheroni theorem, that any geometric construction that can be performed by a compass and straightedge can be performed by a compass alone. Medicine * Paul Barbette publishes ''Opera omnia medica et chirurgica''. * Richard Lower publishes ''De Catarrhis'', the first scholarly attempt by an English physician to take a classical doctrine (the theory that nasal catarrh is caused by secretions oversp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Society
The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, education and public engagement and fostering international and global co-operation. Founded on 28 November 1660, it was granted a royal charter by King Charles II as The Royal Society and is the oldest continuously existing scientific academy in the world. The society is governed by its Council, which is chaired by the Society's President, according to a set of statutes and standing orders. The members of Council and the President are elected from and by its Fellows, the basic members of the society, who are themselves elected by existing Fellows. , there are about 1,700 fellows, allowed to use the postnominal title FRS (Fellow of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Philosopher
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ..., that is, nature and the physical universe. It was dominant before the development of modern science. From the ancient world (at least since Aristotle) until the 19th century, ''natural philosophy'' was the common term for the study of physics (nature), a broad term that included botany, zoology, anthropology, and chemistry as well as what we now call physics. It was in the 19th century that the concept of science received its modern shape, with different subjects within science emerging, such as astronomy, biology, and physics. Institutions and communities devoted to science were founded. Isaac Newton's book ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
