|
1613 In Science
The year 1613 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Galileo Galilei publishes ''Letters on Sunspots'', the first major work on the topic. Paleontology * Bones, probably of an elephant, are found in France but at first interpreted to belong to a giant human. Technology * September 29 – The New River (engineered by Sir Hugh Myddelton) is opened to supply London with drinking water from Hertfordshire. Births * March 6 – Stjepan Gradić, Ragusan polymath (died 1683) * September 25 – Claude Perrault, French architect and physicist (died 1688) Deaths * June 16 – Jakob Christmann, German orientalist and astronomer (born 1554) * July 2 – Bartholomaeus Pitiscus, German trigonometrist (born 1561) * August 25 – David Gans, German Jewish mathematician and astronomer (born 1541) * Mathew Baker, English shipwright (born 1530) * Johann Bauhin, Swiss physician and botanist (born 1541) * Jacques Guillemeau, French surgeon (born 1550 __NO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1688 In Science
The year 1688 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * The constellation ''Sceptrum Brandenburgicum'' is named by Gottfried Kirch. Exploration * A French people, French Jesuit scientific mission led by Jean de Fontaney arrives in China. Mathematics * Simon de la Loubère introduces the Siamese method for constructing any size of ''n''-odd magic square to Western Europe. Technology * Earliest known mention of the balalaika. Births * January 29 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedes, Swedish scientist and theologian (died 1772 in science, 1772) * April 4 – Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French people, French astronomer (died 1768 in science, 1768) * August 14 – Johann Leonhard Rost, Germans, German astronomer (died 1727 in science, 1727) * September 26 – Willem 's Gravesande, Dutch people, Dutch polymath (died 1742 in science, 1742) * November 15 – Louis Bertrand Castel, French Jesuit mathematician and physicist (died 1757 in sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathew Baker (shipwright)
Mathew Baker (1530–1613) was one of the most renowned Tudor shipwrights, and the first to put the practice of shipbuilding down on paper. The first list of 'Master Shipwrights' appointed 'by Patent' by Henry VIII of England included 'John Smyth, Robert Holborn, Richard Bull and James Baker,' in 1537. James Baker was responsible for many of the designs and the construction of King Henry's fleet. James designed the means of mounting cannon in a ship's lower levels, rather than on the top deck, an idea credited to King Henry. Having been apprenticed to his father James, and having grown up in the surroundings of the dockyard, Mathew was appointed 'Master Shipwright' in 1572. As |
1541 In Science
The year 1541 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Cartography * Gerardus Mercator makes his first terrestrial globe, for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. * Georg Joachim Rheticus publishes ''Tabula chorographica auff Preussen und etliche umbliegende lender'' in Wittenberg. Exploration * May 8 – Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River, naming it ''Rio de Espiritu Santo''. * May 23 – French explorer Jacques Cartier departs from Saint-Malo on his third voyage. Medicine * Jacques Dubois publishes ''In Hippocratis et Galeni Physiologiae partem anatomicam isagoge'' in Paris and Vesalius publishes ''Anatomicarum institutionum ex Galeni sententia, libri III .. His accesserunt Theophili Protospatarii, De corporis humani fabrica, libri V. Item Hippocratis Coi De medicates purgatories, libellus nunquam ante nostra tempora inlucem editus'' in Lyon. Births * April 8 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and botan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Jewish
The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (''circa'' 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community. The community survived under Charlemagne, but suffered during the Crusades. Accusations of well poisoning during the Black Death (1346–53) led to mass slaughter of German Jews and they fled in large numbers to Poland. The Jewish communities of the cities of Mainz, Speyer and Worms became the center of Jewish life during medieval times. "This was a golden age as area bishops protected the Jews resulting in increased trade and prosperity." The First Crusade began an era of persecution of Jews in Germany. Entire communities, like those of Trier, Worms, Mainz and Cologne, were slaughtered. The Hussite Wars became the signal for renewed persecution of Jews. The end of the 15th century was a period of religious hatred that ascribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Gans
David Gans ( he, דָּוִד בֶּן שְׁלֹמֹה גנז; 1541–1613), also known as Rabbi Dovid Solomon Ganz, was a Jewish chronicler, mathematician, historian, astronomer and astrologer. He is the author of "Tzemach David" (1592) and therefore also known by this title, the צמח דוד. Biography David was born in Lippstadt, in what is now North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. His father, Shlomo, was a moneylender. He studied rabbinical literature in Bonn and Frankfurt am Main, then in Kraków under Moses Isserles. Later he attended the lectures of the Maharal of Prague and of his brother, Rabbi Sinai. They introduced philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy into the circle of their studies, and from them Gans received the impulse to devote himself to these branches of science. He lived for a time in Nordheim (where he studied Euclid), passed several years in his native city of Lippstadt, and then in about 1564 settled in Prague. There he came into contact with Kepler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1561 In Science
The year 1561 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Cartography and navigation * Bartolomeu Velho produces a '' Carta General do Orbe'' for Sebastian of Portugal. * Richard Eden translates Martín Cortés de Albacar's ''Arte de navigar'' as ''The Arte of Navigation'' which becomes the first manual of navigation in English. Medicine and physiology * Gabriele Falloppio publishes ''Observationes anatomicae'' in Venice, the only work of his printed during his lifetime. * Ambroise Paré publishes ''Anatomie universelle du corps humain'' and ''La méthode curative des playes et fractures de la test humaine'' in Paris. * Smallpox epidemic in Chile. Births * January 6 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician (died 1656) * January 22 – Francis Bacon, English philosopher of science (died 1626) * March 29 – Sanctorius, Istrian physiologist (died 1636) * August 4 – John Harington, English inventor (died 1612) * August 24 – Bartholomaeu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trigonometry
Trigonometry () is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between side lengths and angles of triangles. The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. The Greeks focused on the calculation of chords, while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric ratios (also called trigonometric functions) such as sine. Throughout history, trigonometry has been applied in areas such as geodesy, surveying, celestial mechanics, and navigation. Trigonometry is known for its many identities. These trigonometric identities are commonly used for rewriting trigonometrical expressions with the aim to simplify an expression, to find a more useful form of an expression, or to solve an equation. History Sumerian astronomers studied angle measure, using a division of circles into 360 degrees. They, and later the Babylonians, studied the ratios of the sides of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bartholomaeus Pitiscus
Bartholomaeus Pitiscus (also ''Barthélemy'' or ''Bartholomeo''; August 24, 1561 – July 2, 1613) was a 16th-century German trigonometrist, astronomer and theologian who first coined the word ''trigonometry''. Biography Pitiscus was born to poor parents in Grünberg (now Zielona Góra, Poland), then part of the Duchy of Glogau/Głogów, one of the Habsburg-ruled Duchies of Silesia. He studied theology in Zerbst and Heidelberg. A Calvinist, he was appointed to teach the ten-year-old Frederick IV, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, by Frederick's Calvinist uncle Johann Casimir of Simmern, as Frederick's father had died in 1583. Pitiscus was subsequently appointed court chaplain at Breslau (Wrocław) and court preacher to Frederick. Pitiscus supported Frederick's subsequent measures against the Roman Catholic Church. Pitiscus achieved fame with his influential work written in Latin, called ''Trigonometria: sive de solutione triangulorum tractatus brevis et perspicuus'' (1595, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1554 In Science
The year 1554 CE in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * Flemish astronomer Johannes Stadius' first published work, ''Ephemerides novae at auctae'', appears in Cologne Biology * Bolognese naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi creates a herbarium. * Flemish herbalist Rembert Dodoens publishes his herbal ''Cruydt-Boeck'' in Antwerp. * The guinea pig is first described in the West by Swiss naturalist Conrad Gessner. * French physician Guillaume Rondelet begins publication of ''Libri de piscibus marinis'' in Lyon, a standard work on marine zoology. * Hippolito Salviani begins publication of ''Aquatilium animalium historiae'' in Rome, a foundation of modern ichthyology. * French anatomist Charles Estienne publishes a collection of tracts on agriculture, ''Praedium Rusticum''. Exploration * November – English captain John Lok voyages to Guinea. * French Franciscan voyager André Thévet publishes his account of an embassy to Const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
