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1578 In Science
The year 1578 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Archaeology * Catacombs of Rome rediscovered. Medicine * Cristóbal Acosta publishes a study of Indian pharmacology, ''Tractado de las drogas y medicinas de las Indias orientales'', in Burgos. * Roch Le Baillif publishes Le Demosterion de Roch le Baillif, edelphe medecin spagiric, auquel sont contenuz trois cens Aphorismes latins et français. Sommaire véritable de la médecine Paracelsique, extraicte de luy en la plus part par ledict Baillif' in Rennes. * Li Shizhen completes the first draft of the '' materia medica'' ''Bencao Gangmu''. Technology * English seaman William Bourne publishes a manual, ''Inventions or Devises, Very Necessary for all Generalles and Captaines, as wel by Sea as by Land'', including an early theoretical description of a submarine. Births * April 1 – William Harvey, English physician (died 1657) * Benedetto Castelli, Italian mathematician (died 1643 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1657 In Science
The year 1657 in science and technology involved some significant events. Geography * Peter Heylin publishes his ''Cosmographie'', one of the earliest attempts to describe the entire world in English and the first known description of Australia. Mathematics * Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on probability theory, ''De ratiociniis in ludo aleae'' ("On Reasoning in Games of Chance"). Medicine * Walter Rumsey invents the provang, a baleen instrument which he describes in his ''Organon Salutis: an instrument to cleanse the stomach.'' Technology * Christiaan Huygens patents his 1656 design for a pendulum clock and the first example is made for him by Salomon Coster at The Hague. * ''approx. date'' – The anchor escapement for clocks is probably invented by Robert Hooke. Institutions * Accademia del Cimento established in Florence. Births * February 11 – Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, French scientific populariser (died 1757) * ''approx. date' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1645 In Science
The year 1645 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * The Solar cycle enters the 70-year Maunder Minimum. * First published map of the Moon produced by Michael van Langren. * A version of the law of gravitation is suggested by Ismaël Bullialdus in his . Medicine * October 18 – English physician Daniel Whistler presents the first printed pediatric text on rickets, , as his MD thesis at Leiden University. Technology * A magic lantern is invented by Althanasius Kircher; like a slide projector, it could project enlarged drawings onto a wall. Publications * Publication of Robert Dudley's ''Dell'Arcano del Mare'' begins in Italian at Florence. A comprehensive work on navigation, shipbuilding and astronomy, it includes an original maritime atlas of the entire world, which is the first such in print, the first made by an Englishman, and the first to use the Mercator projection. Births * September 21 – Louis Jolliet, French Canadian explo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mining Engineer
Mining in the engineering discipline is the extraction of minerals from underneath, open pit, above or on the ground. Mining engineering is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, and metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. A mining engineer may manage any phase of mining operations, from exploration and discovery of the mineral resources, through feasibility study, mine design, development of plans, production and operations to mine closure. With the process of Mineral extraction, some amount of waste and uneconomic material are generated which are the primary source of pollution in the vicinity of mines. Mining activities by their nature cause a disturbance of the natural environment in and around which the minerals are located. Mining engineers must therefore be concerned not only with the production and processing of mineral commodities, but also with the mitigation of damage to the environment both dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was partitioned after the Dutch revolt. Present-day North Brabant (''Noord-Brabant'') was ceded to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic according to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, while the reduced duchy remained part of the Habsburg Netherlands until it was conquered by French Revolutionary forces in 1794, which was recognized by treaty in 1797. Today all the duchy's former territories, apart from exclaves, are in Belgium except for the Dutch province of North Brabant. Geography The Duchy of Brabant (adjective: ''Brabantian'' or '' Brabantine'') was historically divided into four parts, each with its own capital. The four capitals were Leuven, Brussels, Antwerp and 's-Hertogenbosch. Before 's-Hertogenb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean De Chastelet
Jean du Chatelet, also known as Baron de Beausoleil and Auffembach (1578, Brabant – c. 1645, The Bastille, Paris), was a mineralogist, mining engineer and dowser. Life After an early career as a soldier, du Chatelet became enthused with the study of minerals and undertook a tour of Europe visiting mines in Germany, Hungary, Bohemia, Tyrol, Silesia, Moravia, Poland, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Scotland, and England. Through his extensive research he gained an unequaled expertise in mining and minerals. The German emperors Rudolph and Matthias appointed him Commissary General of the Hungarian mines. In 1610 he married Martine Bertereau, the educated daughter of a noble family of French mine owners who accompanied him on his tours and at his work underground. The instruments and methods that the couple employed in their mineral exploration have led to his being associated with dowsing, astrology and alchemy. From around 1600 du Chatelet had undertaken a commission from the King o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1625 In Science
The year 1625 in science and technology involved some significant events. Chemistry * First description of hydrogen by Jan Baptist van Helmont, Johann Baptista van Helmont. First to use the word "gas". * Johann Rudolf Glauber discovers sodium sulfate (''sal mirabilis'' or "Glauber's salt", used as a laxative) in Austrian spring water. Births * June 8 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Giovanni Cassini, Italian people, Italian astronomer (died 1712 in science, 1712) * March 25 – John Collins (mathematician), John Collins, English people, English mathematician (died 1683 in science, 1683) * August 13 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danes, Danish scientist (died 1698 in science, 1698) * December 16 – Erhard Weigel, German people, German mathematician and scientific populariser (died 1699 in science, 1699) * December 20 – David Gregory (physician), David Gregory, Scottish people, Scottish physician and inventor (died 1720 in science, 1720) * Samuel Morland, English inventor (died 1695 in sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word (''botanē'') meaning "pasture", " herbs" "grass", or " fodder"; is in turn derived from (), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes. Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomist
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal's body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flemish People
The Flemish or Flemings ( nl, Vlamingen ) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%. "''Flemish''" was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings", irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval duchy of Brabant and the medieval county of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed. History The sense of "Flemish" identity increased significantly after the Belgian Revolution. Prior to this, the term "Vlamingen" in the Dutch language was in first place used for the inhabitants of the former County of Flanders. Flemish, however, had been used since the 14th century to refer to the language and dialects of both the peoples of Fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adriaan Van Den Spiegel
Adriaan van den Spiegel (or Spieghel), name sometimes written as Adrianus Spigelius (1578 – 7 April 1625), was a Flemish anatomist born in Brussels. For much of his career he practiced medicine in Padua, and is considered one of the great physicians associated with the city. At Padua he studied anatomy under Girolamo Fabrici. Work His best written work on anatomy is ''De humani corporis fabrica libri X tabulis aere icisis exornati'', published posthumously in 1627. He borrowed the title from ''De humani corporis fabrica'', written by his fellow countryman, Vesalius, who had also studied in Padua. The book was intended as an update in medical thinking (a century later) about anatomy. In his 1624 treatise ''De semitertiana libri quatuor'', he gave the first comprehensive description of malaria. His name is given to the Spigelian line (linea semilunaris) and the Spigelian fascia, which refers either to the combined aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique muscle, the internal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1643 In Science
The year 1643 in science and technology involved some significant events. Exploration * January 21 – Abel Tasman discovers the Tonga archipelago. * December 25 – Captain William Mynors of the British East India Company discovers Christmas Island. Meteorology * Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer. Births * January 4 ( NS) – Isaac Newton, English physicist (died 1727) * Jean de Fontaney, French Jesuit mathematician and astronomer (died 1710) * Pierre Dionis, French surgeon and anatomist (died 1718) Deaths * April 9 – Benedetto Castelli, Italian mathematician (born 1578) * November 3 ** John Bainbridge, English astronomer (born 1582) ** Paul Guldin, Swiss mathematician and astronomer (born 1577) * Sophia Brahe, Danish astronomer (born 1556) * Gasparo Berti, Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist (born c. 1600) * Walter Warner, English scientist (born 1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
