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1416
Year 1416 (Roman numerals, MCDXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 27 – The Republic of Ragusa is the first state in Europe to outlaw slavery. * May 29 – Battle of Gallipoli (1416), Battle of Gallipoli: Venetian admiral Pietro Loredan destroys the Ottoman fleet. * May 30 – The Roman Catholic Church, Catholic Church burns Jerome of Prague as a heretic. Date unknown * The Trezzo sull'Adda Bridge (the longest arch bridge in the world at the time) is destroyed. * The Hussite Bible is completed by Tamás Pécsi and Bálint Újlaki. Births * February 26 – Christopher of Bavaria (d. 1448) * March 27 – Antonio Squarcialupi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1480) * March 28 – Jodha of Mandore, Ruler of Marwar (d. 1489) * May 25 – Jakobus ("James"), Count of Lichtenburg, Jakobus, nobleman from Lichtenberg in the northern part of Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Gallipoli (1416)
The Battle of Gallipoli occurred on 29 May 1416 between a squadron of the Venetian navy and the fleet of the Ottoman Empire off the Ottoman naval base of Gallipoli. The battle was the main episode of a brief conflict between the two powers, resulting from Ottoman attacks against Venetian possessions and shipping in the Aegean Sea in late 1415. The Venetian fleet, under Pietro Loredan, was charged with transporting Venetian envoys to the Sultan, but was authorized to attack if the Ottomans refused to negotiate. The subsequent events are known chiefly from a letter written by Loredan after the battle. The Ottomans exchanged fire with the Venetian ships as soon as the Venetian fleet approached Gallipoli, forcing the Venetians to withdraw. On the next day, the two fleets manoeuvred and fought off Gallipoli, but during the evening, Loredan managed to contact the Ottoman authorities and inform them of his diplomatic mission. Despite assurances that the Ottomans would welcome the envo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria (26 February 1416 – 5/6 January 1448) was King of Denmark (1440–48, as Christopher III), Sweden (1441–48) and Norway (1442–48) during the era of the Kalmar Union. Biography Coming to power He was the son of John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt (1383–1443) and Catherine of Pomerania (c. 1390–1426). Catherine was the daughter of Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania in Pomerania-Stolp, and sister of the Scandinavian king, Eric of Pomerania. Count Palatine John was a son of King Rupert of Germany (1352–1410). Christopher was probably born at Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz in Upper Palatinate, in Bavaria, Germany. In 1445, Christopher married Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430 – 25 November 1495) in Copenhagen. Eric of Pomerania was deposed as king of Denmark and Sweden in 1439. Eric's nephew, Christopher, who was rather unfamiliar with Scandinavian conditions, was elected by the Danish State Council as the successor to his uncle, first as regent from 1439, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Loredan
Pietro Loredan (1372 – 28 October 1438) was a Republic of Venice, Venetian nobleman of the House of Loredan, Loredan family and a distinguished military commander both on sea and on land. He fought against the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, winning the Battle of Gallipoli (1416), played a leading role in the conquest of Dalmatia in 1411–1420, and participated in Wars in Lombardy, several campaigns against Venice's Italian rivals, Republic of Genoa, Genoa and Milan, to secure Venice's mainland domains (Terraferma). He also held a number of senior political positions as ''Avogador de Comùn'', ducal councillor, and governor of Zadar, Zara, Friuli, and Brescia, and was honoured with the position of Procurator of St Mark's in 1425. In 1423, he contended for the position of Doge of Venice, but lost to his bitter rival Francesco Foscari; their rivalry was such that when Loredan died, Foscari was suspected of having poisoned him. Early life and career Pietro Loredan was born in 1372, in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerome Of Prague
Jerome of Prague ( cs, Jeroným Pražský; la, Hieronymus Pragensis; 1379 – 30 May 1416) was a Czech scholastic philosopher, theologian, reformer, and professor. Jerome was one of the chief followers of Jan Hus and was burned for heresy at the Council of Constance. Early life Jerome was born in Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), in 1379 and graduated from the Charles University of Prague in 1398. He later studied at Oxford University where he first became familiar with the reformist teachings of John Wycliffe. He was a philosopher, theologian, university professor, and church reformer who dedicated his life to eradicate those church doctrines and dogmas he found to be corrupt. He was constantly in and out of jail. His radical ideas eventually brought about his death by execution as a heretic to the church, but made him a martyr for the Protestant Reformation and followers of Jan Hus (known as Hussites). He was well-educated and spent most of his life trav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jodha Of Mandore
Rao Jodha Rathore(28 March 1416 – 6 April 1489) was a ruler of Mandore in the present-day state of Rajasthan. He was the son of Rao Ranmal (Rao Ridmal) of the Rathore clan. He is known for his illustrious military career and for founding the city of Jodhpur in 1459. Ancestry Rao Ranmal secured the throne of Mandore in 1427. In addition to ruling Mandore, Rao Ranmal also became the administrator of Mewar to assist Maharana Mokal (father of Rana Kumbha). After the assassination of Maharana Mokal by two brothers (Chacha and Mera) in 1433, Ranmal continued as administrator of Mewar at the side of Rana Kumbha. Early years After Rana Kumbha assassinated Rao Jodha's father Rao Ranmal, Rao Jodha escaped Mewar with his men. Approximately 700 horsemen accompanied Rao Jodha from Chittor. Fighting near Chittor and a valiant attempt to bar the pursuers at Someshwar Pass resulted in heavy losses amongst Jodha's warriors. When Jodha reached Mandore he had only seven people accompanying him. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmund Grey, 1st Earl Of Kent
Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent (26 October 141622 May 1490), English administrator, nobleman and magnate, was the son of Sir John Grey, KG and Constance Holland. His main residence was at Wrest near Silsoe, Bedfordshire. Lineage Through Constance Holland, he was great-grandson of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, the third son of King Edward III of England, by his first wife, and thus grand-nephew of King Henry IV of England and Philippa of Lancaster. Grey succeeded his grandfather Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn in 1440. He married Lady Katherine Percy, who was also a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt by his third wife, Katherine Swynford, and also a descendant of King Edward III of England through his second son, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence. Knighthood Edmund Grey was knighted following service in Aquitaine in October 1440. He attended the royal council between 1456 and 1458. Active militarily in the Wars of the Roses, he especially played a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May 29
Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under the command of Tamim ibn Yusuf defeat a Castile and León alliance under the command of Prince Sancho Alfónsez. *1167 – Battle of Monte Porzio: A Roman army supporting Pope Alexander III is defeated by Christian of Buch and Rainald of Dassel. * 1176 – Battle of Legnano: The Lombard League defeats Emperor Frederick I. * 1233 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongols entered Kaifeng after a successful siege and began looting in the fallen capital of the Jin dynasty. * 1328 – Philip VI is crowned King of France. * 1416 – Battle of Gallipoli: The Venetians under Pietro Loredan defeat a much larger Ottoman fleet off Gallipoli. *1453 – Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II capture Const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May 30
Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres. * 1381 – Beginning of the Peasants' Revolt in England. * 1416 – The Council of Constance, called by Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, burns Jerome of Prague following a trial for heresy. * 1431 – Hundred Years' War: In Rouen, France, the 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal. *1434 – Hussite Wars: Battle of Lipany: Effectively ending the war, Utraquist forces led by Diviš Bořek of Miletínek defeat and almost annihilate Taborite forces led by Prokop the Great. * 1510 – During the reign of the Zhengde Emperor, Ming dynasty rebel leader Zhu Zhifan is defeated by commander Qiu Yue, ending the Prince of Anhua rebellion. * 1536 – King Henry VII ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedetto Cotrugli
Benedetto Cotrugli ( hr, Benedikt "Beno" Kotruljević; 1416–1469) was a Ragusan merchant, economist, scientist, diplomat and humanist. Life Cotrugli was born in the city of Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik), part of the Republic of Ragusa. As a diplomat of the Kingdom of Naples, he spent some 15 years in the Court of Naples where he led many discussions and polished his thoughts on humanist subjects. From 1451 until 1469 he lived in Naples. He died in Aquila. Surviving manuscripts The earliest extant copy of Cotrugli's manuscript ''Libro de l'Arte de la Mercatura'' (''Book on the Art of Trade'') is kept in the National Library of Malta and is dated 1475, although the original manuscript was dated 1458.Basil S. Yamey (1994). "Benedikt Kotruljević on bookkeeping (1458)". ''Accounting, Business & Financial History'' 4(1): 43-50. The text of his 1458 manuscript ''Della mercatura e del mercante perfetto'' is followed by an appendix containing an inventory and many journal entries. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trezzo Sull'Adda Bridge
The Trezzo sull'Adda Bridge or Trezzo Bridge was a medieval bridge at Trezzo sull'Adda in Lombardy, Italy, spanning the Adda river. Completed in 1377, the single-arch bridge held the record for the largest span for over four hundred years, until the beginnings of the Industrial Age, while it was not until the early 20th century that masonry bridges with larger openings were constructed. History The Trezzo Bridge was built between 1370 and 1377 by order of the lord of Milan Bernabò Visconti. Fortified with towers, it provided access to the Visconti Castle high above the Adda. During a siege in 1416, the condottiero Carmagnola deliberately caused the structure to collapse by weakening one of its abutments. Its single arch featured a span of , according to other sources even as much as . By comparison, the second largest pre-industrial bridge vault, the French Pont de Vieille-Brioude, spans . The rise of the segmental arch was ca. , with a span-to-rise ratio of 3.3:1. The arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1480
Year 1480 ( MCDLXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 6 – Treaty of Toledo: Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize the African conquests of Afonso V of Portugal, and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain (see Treaty of Alcáçovas). * July 28 ** Mehmed II fails in his attempt to capture Rhodes from the Knights of Rhodes. ** An Ottoman army lands near Otranto, Italy. Pope Sixtus IV calls for a crusade to drive it away. * August 12 - Ottoman invasion of Otranto: Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam. The Martyrs of Otranto are canonized in 2013. * September 27 – Consorts and co-rulers Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile initiate the Spanish Inquisition (looking for heretics and unconverted Jews). * October – Great Stand on the Ugra River: Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. The ''Theotokos of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Squarcialupi
Antonio Squarcialupi (27 March 1416 – 6 July 1480) was an Italian organist and composer. He was the most famous organist in Italy in the mid-15th century. Life He was born in Florence to a butcher with the family name of Giovanni; however he took the name of Squarcialupi, a well-known family from Tuscany, by mid-century, possibly to disguise his less than aristocratic origins. Most of his early life must have been spent in Florence, and he likely studied with both organist Giovanni Mazzuoli (also called Jovannes de Florentia, who was a pupil of Francesco Landini), as well as Matteo di Pagolo da Prato. He acquired the post of organist at the Orsanmichele in Florence in 1431, but only remained there for two years, moving instead to the cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, at which post he remained for the rest of his life. He has been honored with a bust in this church. Music and influence Squarcialupi was part of the court of Lorenzo de' Medici, and was also a colleague of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
