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1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane, also called heptafluoropropane, HFC-227ea (ISO name), HFC-227 or FM-200, as well as apaflurane (INN), is a colourless, odourless gaseous halocarbon commonly used as a gaseous fire suppression agent. Chemistry Its chemical formula is CF-CHF-CF, or CHF. With a boiling point of −16.4 °C, it is a gas at room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water (260 mg/L). Use HFC-227ea is used in fire suppression systems that protect data processing and telecommunication facilities, and in fire suppression of many flammable liquids and gases. HFC-227ea is categorized as a Clean Agent and is governed by ''NFPA 2001 - Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems''. Effective fire suppression requires introducing a concentration of the HFC-227ea agent between 6.25% and 9% depending on the hazard being suppressed. Its NOAEL for cardiac sensitization is 9%. The United States Environmental Protection Agency allows concentration of 9% volume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaseous Fire Suppression
Gaseous fire suppression, also called clean agent fire suppression, is a term to describe the use of inert gases and chemical agents to extinguish a fire. These agents are governed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems – NFPA 2001 in the US, with different standards and regulations elsewhere. The system typically consists of the agent, agent storage containers, agent release valves, fire detectors, fire detection system (wiring control panel, actuation signaling), agent delivery piping, and agent dispersion nozzles. Theory There are four means used by the agents to extinguish a fire. They act on the "fire tetrahedron": * Reduction or isolation of fuel. No agents currently use this as the primary means of fire suppression. * Reduction of heat. Representative agents: Clean agent FS 49 C2 (NAF S 227, MH227, FM-200), Novec 1230, pentafluoroethane (NAF S125, ECARO-25). * Reduction or isolation of oxygen: Representativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argonite
Gaseous fire suppression, also called clean agent fire suppression, is a term to describe the use of inert gases and chemical agents to extinguish a fire. These agents are governed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems – NFPA 2001 in the US, with different standards and regulations elsewhere. The system typically consists of the agent, agent storage containers, agent release valves, fire detectors, fire detection system (wiring control panel, actuation signaling), agent delivery piping, and agent dispersion nozzles. Theory There are four means used by the agents to extinguish a fire. They act on the "fire tetrahedron": * Reduction or isolation of fuel. No agents currently use this as the primary means of fire suppression. * Reduction of heat. Representative agents: Clean agent FS 49 C2 (NAF S 227, MH227, FM-200), Novec 1230, pentafluoroethane (NAF S125, ECARO-25). * Reduction or isolation of oxygen: Representativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Warming Potential
Global warming potential (GWP) is the heat absorbed by any greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, as a multiple of the heat that would be absorbed by the same mass of carbon dioxide (). GWP is 1 for . For other gases it depends on the gas and the time frame. Carbon dioxide equivalent (e or eq or -e) is calculated from GWP. For any gas, it is the mass of that would warm the earth as much as the mass of that gas. Thus it provides a common scale for measuring the climate effects of different gases. It is calculated as GWP times mass of the other gas. Methane has GWP (over 100 years) of 27.9 meaning that, for example, a leak of a tonne of methane is equivalent to emitting 27.9 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Similarly a tonne of nitrous oxide, from manure for example, is equivalent to 273 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Values Carbon dioxide is the reference. It has a GWP of 1 regardless of the time period used. emissions cause increases in atmospheric concentrations of that will last thousands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frostbite
Frostbite is a skin injury that occurs when exposed to extreme low temperatures, causing the freezing of the skin or other tissues, commonly affecting the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin areas. Most often, frostbite occurs in the hands and feet. The initial symptoms are typically a feeling of cold and tingling or numbing. This may be followed by clumsiness with a white or bluish color to the skin. Swelling or blistering may occur following treatment. Complications may include hypothermia or compartment syndrome. People who are exposed to low temperatures for prolonged periods, such as winter sports enthusiasts, military personnel, and homeless individuals, are at greatest risk. Other risk factors include drinking alcohol, smoking, mental health problems, certain medications, and prior injuries due to cold. The underlying mechanism involves injury from ice crystals and blood clots in small blood vessels following thawing. Diagnosis is based on symptoms. Severity may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FS49C2
Clean agent FS 49 C2 is an environmentally engineered, human safe, fast acting Clean Agent fire extinguishing gas for gaseous fire suppression installed in a suited fire suppression system. The gas consists of tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane and carbon dioxide. FS 49 C2 maintains breathable concentrations of oxygen in the air. It can extinguish a fire with less danger to people in the room at extinguishing concentrations in contrast to pure carbon dioxide based fire suppression system that is deadly to humans when released in extinguishing amounts. The gas was initially called Halotron II B/FS49C2. Thermal fire suppression FS 49 C2 acts similarly to an inert gas. It absorbs the heat produced from the combustion process. This mechanism is consistent with the observation that the fire heat release rate does not decrease until sufficient gas is released. The difference from inert gases and FS 49 C2 is that it takes less gas to suppress a fire, and therefore gas storage t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halon 1211
Bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF), also referred to by the code numbers Halon 1211 and Freon 12B1, is a haloalkane with the chemical formula carbon, Cfluorine, F2chlorine, Clbromine, Br. It is used for fire suppression, especially for expensive equipment or items that could be damaged by the residue from other types of extinguishers. Use as a fire extinguishing agent Brominated haloalkanes were first used during World War II in fire extinguishers for aircraft and tanks. BCF was introduced as an effective gaseous fire suppression agent in the mid-1960s for use around highly valuable materials in places such as museums, Mainframe computer, mainframe rooms, and telecommunication telephone exchange, switching centers. BCFs were also widely used in the maritime industries in the engine rooms of ships and also in the transport industry in vehicles. Its efficiency as a fire extinguishing agent has also led it to be the predominant choice of fire extinguishing agent on commercial aircraft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FE-13
Trifluoromethane or fluoroform is the chemical compound with the formula CHF3. It is one of the "trihalomethane, haloforms", a class of compounds with the formula CHX3 (X = halogen) with C3v symmetry group, symmetry. Fluoroform is used in diverse applications in organic synthesis. It is not an ozone depleter but is a greenhouse gas. Synthesis About 20M kg/y are produced industrially as both a by-product of and precursor to the manufacture of Teflon. It is produced by reaction of chloroform with Hydrogen_fluoride, HF: :CHCl3 + 3 HF → CHF3 + 3 HCl It is also generated biologically in small amounts apparently by decarboxylation of trifluoroacetic acid. Historical Fluoroform was first obtained by Maurice Meslans in the violent reaction of iodoform with dry silver fluoride in 1894. The reaction was improved by Otto Ruff by substitution of silver fluoride by a mixture of Mercury(II) fluoride, mercury fluoride and calcium fluoride. The exchange reaction works with iodofo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECARO-25
Pentafluoroethane is a fluorocarbon with the formula CF3CHF2. Pentafluoroethane is currently used as a refrigerant (known as R-125) and also used as a fire suppression agent in fire suppression systems. Pentafluoroethane does not deplete ozone so it has replaced earlier fluorinated chemicals that did. However while it has zero ozone depletion potential, it has high global warming potential, reported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as 3450 times that of carbon dioxide. Refrigerant Pentafluoroethane in a near azeotropic mixture with difluoromethane is known as R-410A, a common replacement for various chlorofluorocarbons (commonly known as ''Freon'') in new refrigerant systems. Fire suppression systems HFC-125 (ECARO-25 / FE-25 / NAF S 125) is a gaseous fire suppression agent which can be used in clean agent fire suppression systems. In addition, HFC-125 leaves no residue on valuable equipment and material after discharge. It is generally used in situatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HFC-125
Pentafluoroethane is a fluorocarbon with the formula CF3CHF2. Pentafluoroethane is currently used as a refrigerant (known as R-125) and also used as a fire suppression agent in fire suppression systems. Pentafluoroethane does not deplete ozone so it has replaced earlier fluorinated chemicals that did. However while it has zero ozone depletion potential, it has high global warming potential, reported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as 3450 times that of carbon dioxide. Refrigerant Pentafluoroethane in a near azeotropic mixture with difluoromethane is known as R-410A, a common replacement for various chlorofluorocarbons (commonly known as ''Freon'') in new refrigerant systems. Fire suppression systems HFC-125 (ECARO-25 / FE-25 / NAF S 125) is a gaseous fire suppression agent which can be used in clean agent fire suppression systems. In addition, HFC-125 leaves no residue on valuable equipment and material after discharge. It is generally used in situati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_【_Pictures_taken_in_Japan_】.jpg "Click for more on -> ECARO-25")