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1-Nonene
1-Nonene is particular structural isomer of nonene where the double bond is located at the primary, or alpha, position making it a linear alpha olefin. It is used in the production of surfactants and lubricants, usually by way of nonylphenol. Its more branched analogue, tripropylene Tripropylene, also known as propylene trimer, is usually sold as a mixture of structural isomers of nonene. This mixture is obtained by oligomerization of propene: :C3H6 → C9H18 In this process, two double bonds are lost and one is retained ..., is also used in this way. References Alkenes {{hydrocarbon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tripropylene
Tripropylene, also known as propylene trimer, is usually sold as a mixture of structural isomers of nonene. This mixture is obtained by oligomerization of propene: :C3H6 → C9H18 In this process, two double bonds are lost and one is retained as illustrated by the isomer shown in the figure. The reaction is catalyzed by acids, such as polyphosphoric acid. A variety of catalysts have been explored.Johan A. Martens, Wim H. Verrelst, Georges M. Mathys, Stephen H. Brown, Pierre A. Jacobs "Tailored Catalytic Propene Trimerization over Acidic Zeolites with Tubular Pores" Angewandte Chemie International Edition Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2005, Volume 44, Issue 35, pages 5687–5690. The reaction proceeds via the formation of a carbocation ((CH3)2CH+), which attacks another propylene unit, generating a new carbocation, etc. This kind of process affords mixtures (C3H6)n. Like other alkenes, propylene trimer is used as an alkylating agent Alkylation is the transfer o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonene
Nonene is an alkene with the molecular formula C9H18. Many structural isomers are possible, depending on the location of the C=C double bond and the branching of the other parts of the molecule. Industrially, the most important nonenes are trimers of propene: Tripropylene. This mixture of branched nonenes is used in the alkylation of phenol to produce nonylphenol Nonylphenols are a family of closely related organic compounds composed of phenol bearing a 9 carbon-tail. Nonylphenols can come in numerous structures, all of which may be considered alkylphenols. They are used in manufacturing antioxidants, lub ..., a precursor to detergents, which are also controversial pollutants. Linear nonenes References Alkenes D {{hydrocarbon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Bond
In chemistry, a double bond is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond. Double bonds occur most commonly between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes. Many double bonds exist between two different elements: for example, in a carbonyl group between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. Other common double bonds are found in azo compounds (N=N), imines (C=N), and sulfoxides (S=O). In a skeletal formula, a double bond is drawn as two parallel lines (=) between the two connected atoms; typographically, the equals sign is used for this. Double bonds were first introduced in chemical notation by Russian chemist Alexander Butlerov. Double bonds involving carbon are stronger and shorter than single bonds. The bond order is two. Double bonds are also electron-rich, which makes them potentially more reactive in the presence of a strong electron acceptor (as in addition reactions of the halogens). File:Ethene structural.svg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linear Alpha Olefin
Linear alpha olefins (LAO) or normal alpha olefins (NAO) are olefins or alkenes with a chemical formula Cx H2x, distinguished from other mono-olefins with a similar molecular formula by linearity of the hydrocarbon chain and the position of the double bond at the primary or alpha position. Linear alpha olefins are a range of industrially important alpha-olefins, including 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene and higher olefin blends of C20-C24, C24-C30, and C20-C30 ranges. Synthesis Overview Industrially, linear alpha olefins are commonly manufactured by two main routes: oligomerization of ethylene and by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Another route to linear alpha olefins which has been used commercially on small scale is dehydration of alcohols. Prior to about the 1970s, linear alpha olefins were also manufactured by thermal cracking of waxes, whereas linear internal olefins were als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surfactant
Surfactants are chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or interfacial tension between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, or dispersants. The word "surfactant" is a blend of ''surface-active agent'', coined . Agents that increase surface tension are "surface active" in the literal sense but are not called surfactants as their effect is opposite to the common meaning. A common example of surface tension increase is salting out: by adding an inorganic salt to an aqueous solution of a weakly polar substance, the substance will precipitate. The substance may itself be a surfactant – this is one of the reasons why many surfactants are ineffective in sea water. Composition and structure Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphiphilic, meaning each molecule contains both a hydrophilic "water-seeking" group (the ''head''), and a hydro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubricant
A lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity. In addition to industrial applications, lubricants are used for many other purposes. Other uses include cooking (oils and fats in use in frying pans, in baking to prevent food sticking), bioapplications on humans (e.g. lubricants for artificial joints), ultrasound examination, medical examination, and sexual intercourse. It is mainly used to reduce friction and to contribute to a better and efficient functioning of a mechanism. History Lubricants have been in some use for thousands of years. Calcium soaps have been identified on the axles of chariots dated to 1400 BC. Building stones were slid on oil-impregrated lumb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonylphenol
Nonylphenols are a family of closely related organic compounds composed of phenol bearing a 9 carbon-tail. Nonylphenols can come in numerous structures, all of which may be considered alkylphenols. They are used in manufacturing antioxidants, lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents, emulsifiers, and solubilizers. They are used extensively in epoxy formulation in North America but its use has been phased out in Europe. These compounds are also precursors to the commercially important non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol ethoxylates, which are used in detergents, paints, pesticides, personal care products, and plastics. Nonylphenol has attracted attention due to its prevalence in the environment and its potential role as an endocrine disruptor and xenoestrogen, due to its ability to act with estrogen-like activity. The estrogenicity and biodegradation heavily depends on the branching of the nonyl sidechain. Nonylphenol has been found to act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
