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The voiceless velar lateral fricative is a rare speech sound. As one element of an affricate consonant, affricate, it is found for example in Zulu language, Zulu and Xhosa language, Xhosa (see velar lateral ejective affricate). However, a simple fricative has only been reported from a few languages in the Caucasus and New Guinea. Archi language, Archi, a Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, has four voiceless velar lateral fricatives: plain , Labialization, labialized , Fortis and lenis, fortis , and labialized fortis . Although clearly Fricative consonant, fricatives, these are further forward than velar consonant, velars in most languages, and might better be called ''prevelar''. Archi also has a voiced velar lateral fricative, voiced fricative, as well as a voiceless velar lateral affricate, voiceless and several ejective velar lateral affricate, ejective lateral velar affricates, but no alveolar consonant, alveolar lateral fricatives or a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ejective Velar Lateral Affricate
The velar lateral ejective affricate is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication, spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (extIPA; strict IPA: ). It is found in two forms in Archi language, Archi, a Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, plain and labialisation, labialized . It is further forward than velar consonant, velars in most languages, and might better be called ''prevelar''. Archi also has voiceless velar lateral affricate, voiceless (pulmonic sounds, pulmonic) variants of its lateral affricates, several voiceless velar lateral fricative, voiceless lateral fricatives, and a voiced velar lateral fricative, voiced lateral fricative at the same place of articulation, but no alveolar consonant, alveolar lateral fricatives or affricate consonant, affricates. is also found as an allophone of (ejective after a nasal) in Zulu language, Zulu and Xhosa language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velar Lateral Ejective Affricate
The velar lateral ejective affricate is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ( extIPA; strict IPA: ). It is found in two forms in Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, plain and labialized . It is further forward than velars in most languages, and might better be called ''prevelar''. Archi also has voiceless (pulmonic) variants of its lateral affricates, several voiceless lateral fricatives, and a voiced lateral fricative at the same place of articulation, but no alveolar lateral fricatives or affricates. is also found as an allophone of (ejective after a nasal) in Zulu and Xhosa, and of the velar ejective affricate in Hadza. In the latter, it contrasts with palatal , as in 'to cradle'. In fact, the velar ejective is reported to be lateral, or to have a lateral allophone, in various languages of Africa which have clicks, including Taa, various varie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Velar Lateral Affricate
The voiceless velar lateral affricate is a relatively uncommon speech sound found as a phoneme in the Caucasus and as an allophone in several languages of eastern and southern Africa. In strict IPA, it needs to be transcribed with diacritics, but a proper letter exists in extIPA: . Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, has two such affricates, plain and labialized , though they are further forward than velars in most languages, and might better be called ''prevelar''. Archi also has ejective variants of its lateral affricates, several voiceless lateral fricatives, and a voiced lateral fricative at the same place of articulation, but no alveolar lateral fricatives or affricates.The Archi Language Tutorial The source uses the symbol for the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ExtIPA
The Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for Disordered Speech, commonly abbreviated extIPA , are a set of letters and diacritics devised by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association to augment the International Phonetic Alphabet for the phonetic transcription of disordered speech. Some of the symbols are used for transcribing features of normal speech in IPA transcription, and are accepted as such by the International Phonetic Association. Many sounds found only in disordered speech are indicated with diacritics, though an increasing number of dedicated letters are used as well. Special letters are included to transcribe the speech of people with lisps and cleft palates. The extIPA repeats several standard-IPA diacritics that are unfamiliar to most people but transcribe features that are common in disordered speech. These include preaspiration , linguolabial , laminal fricatives and for a sound (segment or feature) with no available symbol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fricative Consonant
A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German (the final consonant of ''Bach''); or the side of the tongue against the molars, in the case of Welsh (appearing twice in the name ''Llanelli''). This turbulent airflow is called frication. A particular subset of fricatives are the sibilants. When forming a sibilant, one still is forcing air through a narrow channel, but in addition, the tongue is curled lengthwise to direct the air over the edge of the teeth. English , , , and are examples of sibilants. The usage of two other terms is less standardized: "Spirant" is an older term for fricatives used by some American and European phoneticians and phonologists. "Strident" could mean just "sibilant", but some authors include also labiodental and uvular fricatives in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic transcription, phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of speech sounds in written form.International Phonetic Association (IPA), ''Handbook''. The IPA is used by lexicography, lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguistics, linguists, speech–language pathology, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of wiktionary:lexical, lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in oral language: phone (phonetics), phones, phonemes, Intonation (linguistics), intonation, and the separation of words and syllables. To represent additional qualities of speech—such as tooth wiktionary:gnash, gnashing, lisping, and sounds made wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affricate Consonant
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. English has two affricate phonemes, and , often spelled ''ch'' and ''j'', respectively. Examples The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" ( broadly transcribed as and in the IPA), German and Italian ''z'' and Italian ''z'' are typical affricates, and sounds like these are fairly common in the world's languages, as are other affricates with similar sounds, such as those in Polish and Chinese. However, voiced affricates other than are relatively uncommon. For several places of articulation they are not attested at all. Much less common are labiodental affricates, such as in German and Izi, or velar affricates, such as in Tswana (written ''kg'') or in High Alemannic Swiss German dialects. Worldwide, relatively few languages have af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velar Lateral Fricative
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum). Since the velar region of the roof of the mouth is relatively extensive and the movements of the dorsum are not very precise, velars easily undergo assimilation, shifting their articulation back or to the front depending on the quality of adjacent vowels. They often become automatically ''fronted'', that is partly or completely palatal before a following front vowel, and ''retracted'', that is partly or completely uvular before back vowels. Palatalised velars (like English in ''keen'' or ''cube'') are sometimes referred to as palatovelars. Many languages also have labialized velars, such as , in which the articulation is accompanied by rounding of the lips. There are also labial–velar consonants, which are doubly articulated at the velum and at the lips, such as . This distinction disappears with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimbu–Wahgi Languages
The Chimbu–Wahgi languages are a language family sometimes included in the Trans–New Guinea proposal. Languages There is little doubt that the Chimbu–Wahgi family is valid. The languages are:Usher, TimothySimbu-Western Highlands ''New Guinea World''. *Chimbu–Wahgi family **Chimbu (Simbu) branch **: Kuman (Chimbu), Chuave, Nomane, Golin–Dom, Salt-Yui, Sinasina **Western Highlands ***Jimi River ***: Maring, Narak– Kandawo *** Wahgi Valley ***: Nii, Wahgi, North Wahgi (= Yu We?) ***Mount Hagen **** Melpa (Medlpa) ****Kaugel River: Imbo Ungu, Umbu-Ungu, Mbo-Ung (Bo-Ung) Phonology Several of the Chimbu–Wahgi languages have uncommon lateral consonants: see Nii, Wahgi, and Kuman for examples. Chimbu–Wahgi languages have contrastive tone. Pronouns The singular pronouns are: : Dual *-l and plural *-n reflect Trans–New Guinea forms. Evolution Middle Wahgi reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma: *''ama'' ‘mother’ < *am(a,i) *''amu'' â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allophone
In phonology, an allophone (; from the Greek , , 'other' and , , 'voice, sound') is a set of multiple possible spoken soundsor ''phones''or signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language. For example, in English, (as in ''stop'' ) and the aspirated form (as in ''top'' ) are allophones for the phoneme , while these two are considered to be different phonemes in some languages such as Thai. On the other hand, in Spanish, (as in ''dolor'' ) and (as in ''nada'' ) are allophones for the phoneme , while these two are considered to be different phonemes in English. The specific allophone selected in a given situation is often predictable from the phonetic context, with such allophones being called positional variants, but some allophones occur in free variation. Replacing a sound by another allophone of the same phoneme usually does not change the meaning of a word, but the result may sound non-native or even unintelligible. Native speakers of a given languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syllable Coda
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of Phone (phonetics), speech sounds typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants). Syllables are often considered the Phonology, phonological "building blocks" of words. They can influence the Isochrony, rhythm of a language, its prosody (linguistics), prosody, its Metre (poetry), poetic metre and its stress (linguistics), stress patterns. Speech can usually be divided up into a whole number of syllables: for example, the word ''ignite'' is made of two syllables: ''ig'' and ''nite''. Syllabic writing began several hundred years before the Middle Bronze Age alphabets, first letters. The earliest recorded syllables are on tablets written around 2800 BC in the Sumerian city of Ur. This shift from pictograms to syllables has been called "the most important advance in the history of writing". A word that consists of a single syllable (like English language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nii Language
Nii is a Trans–New Guinea language of the Chimbu–Wahgi branch spoken in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Nii has an unusual number of lateral consonants: a typical dental approximant, , plus both dental and velar lateral fricatives, and , which are optionally voiced between vowels and do not occur in initial position.Foley, 1986:63, ''The Papuan languages of New Guinea'' References Further reading * Chimbu–Wahgi languages Languages of Western Highlands Province {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
