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Enclosed Alphanumerics is a Unicode block of typographical symbols of an alphanumeric within a circle, a bracket or other not-closed enclosure, or ending in a full stop. It is currently fully allocated. Within the Basic Multilingual Plane, a few additional enclosed numerals are in the Dingbats and the Enclosed CJK Letters and Months blocks. There is also a block with more of these characters in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane named Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement (U+1F100–U+1F1FF), as of Unicode 6.0. Purpose Many of these characters were originally intended for use as bullets for lists.''The Unicode Standard'', 6.0.1 The parenthesized forms are historically based on typewriter approximations of the circled versions. Although these roles have been supplanted by styles and other markup in "rich text" contexts, the characters are included in the Unicode standard "for interoperability with the legacy East Asian character sets and for the occasional text context whe ...
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At Sign
The at sign, , is normally read aloud as "at"; it is also commonly called the at symbol, commercial at, or address sign. It is used as an accounting and invoice abbreviation meaning "at a rate of" (e.g. 7 widgets @ £2 per widget = £14), but it is now seen more widely in email addresses and social media platform handles. The absence of a single English word for the symbol has prompted some writers to use the French ''arobase'' or Spanish and Portuguese ''arroba'', or to coin new words such as ''ampersat'' and ''asperand'', or the (visual) onomatopoeia ''strudel'', but none of these have achieved wide use. Although not included on the keyboard of the earliest commercially successful typewriters, it was on at least one 1889 model"The @-symbol, part 2 of 2"
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Script (Unicode)
In Unicode, a script is a collection of Letter (alphabet), letters and other written signs used to represent textual information in one or more writing systems. Some scripts support one and only one writing system and Written language, language, for example, Armenian language, Armenian. Other scripts support many different writing systems; for example, the Latin script in Unicode, Latin script supports English alphabet, English, French alphabet, French, German alphabet, German, Italian alphabet, Italian, Vietnamese language, Vietnamese, Latin alphabet, Latin itself, and several other languages. Some languages make use of multiple alternate writing systems and thus also use several scripts; for example, in Turkish language, Turkish, the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, Arabic script was used before the 20th century but transitioned to Latin in the early part of the 20th century. For a list of languages supported by each script, see the list of languages by writing system. More or less co ...
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Ditto Mark
The ditto mark is a shorthand sign, used mostly in hand-written text, indicating that the words or figures above it are to be repeated. The mark is made using 'a pair of apostrophes'; 'a pair of marks used underneath a word'; the symbol (quotation mark); but the Cambridge Dictionary of Business English on the same page uses the CJK ditto mark or the symbol (right double quotation mark). In the following example, the second line reads "Blue pens, box of twenty". Black pens, box of twenty ... $2.10 Blue " " " " ... $2.35 History Early evidence of ditto marks can be seen on a cuneiform tablet of the Neo-Assyrian period (934–608 BCE) where two vertical marks are used in a table of synonyms to repeat text. In China the corresponding historical mark was two horizontal lines (also the symbol of "two"), found in bronze script from the Zhou Dynasty, as in the example at right (circa 825 BCE). In script form this became , and is now written as ; see iteration ma ...
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Copyright Symbol
The copyright symbol, or copyright sign, (a circled capital letter C for copyright), is the symbol used in copyright notices for works other than sound recordings.17 U.S.C. The use of the symbol is described by the Universal Copyright Convention. The symbol is widely recognized but, under the Berne Convention, is no longer required in most nations to assert a new copyright. US law In the United States, the Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988, effective March 1, 1989, removed the requirement for the copyright symbol from U.S. copyright law, but its presence or absence is legally significant on works published before that date, and it continues to affect remedies available to a copyright holder whose work is infringed. History Prior symbols indicating a work's copyright status are seen in Scottish almanacs of the 1670s; books included a printed copy of the local coat-of-arms to indicate their authenticity. A copyright notice was first required in the U.S. by the Copy ...
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Enclosed A
Anarchists have employed certain symbols for their cause, including most prominently the circle-A and the black flag. Anarchist cultural symbols have been prevalent in popular culture since around the turn of the 21st century, concurrent with the anti-globalization movement. The punk subculture has also had a close association with anarchist symbolism. Flags Red flag The red flag was one of first anarchist symbols and it was widely used in late 19th century by anarchists worldwide. Peter Kropotkin wrote that he preferred the use of the red flag. Use of the red flag by anarchists largely disappeared after the October Revolution, when red flags started to be associated only with Bolshevism and communist parties and authoritarian, bureaucratic and reformist social democracy, or authoritarian socialism. Black flag The black flag has been associated with anarchism since the 1880s, when several anarchist organizations and journals adopted the name ''Black Flag''. Howar ...
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Enclosed C
Enclosed C or circled Latin C (Ⓒ or ⓒ) is a typographical symbol. As one of many enclosed alphanumerics, the symbol is a " C" within a circle. Encodings The symbols are encoded by Unicode in the block Latin-1 supplement as and . Uses Some Chiyoda Kogaku (aka Chiyoko) cameras of the 1947 to 1949 era featured a blue ⓒ symbol as part of the lens designation like in "ⓒ Super Rokkor", e.g. on the Minolta 35 or the Minolta Memo. It was used to indicate a (single) coated optics rather than any copyright. Similar engravings can be found also on lenses of other manufacturers, e.g. some Olympus Zuiko lenses carry a red-colored " Zuiko C." designation indicating coated optics. This symbol was widely used by the Cruver manufacturing company on their plastic recognition models that were produced during World War II. See also * Copyright symbol () * Copyleft Copyleft is the legal technique of granting certain freedoms over copies of copyrighted works with the requirement th ...
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Japanese Rebus Monogram
A Japanese rebus monogram is a monogram in a particular style, which spells a name via a rebus, as a form of Japanese wordplay or visual pun. Today they are most often seen in corporate logos or product logos. These symbols are particularly common for traditional food brands, notably soy sauce. An example is the logo for Yamasa soy sauce, which is a ∧ with a under it. This is read as for (symbolized by the ∧) + . Composition The monogram is composed of two parts: one a Japanese character, most often kanji, but also katakana or hiragana; the other a simple symbol, such as a circle or square. The symbol is pronounced according to its name, and together (in either order, but generally symbol first) these form a Japanese name. Japanese family names are generally two kanji characters, each usually of one or two morae – hence one or two hiragana or katakana if written that way – and thus can be represented as one symbol plus one kanji character, sometimes one hiragana or ka ...
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Miscellaneous Symbols And Pictographs
Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs is a Unicode block containing meteorological and astronomical symbols, emoji characters largely for compatibility with Japanese telephone carriers' implementations of Shift JIS, and characters originally from the Wingdings and Webdings fonts found in Microsoft Windows. Emoji The block contains 637 emoji and has 312 standardized variants defined to specify emoji-style (U+FE0F VS16) or text presentation (U+FE0E VS15) for 156 base characters. Emoji modifiers The Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block has 54 emoji that represent people or body parts. For these, a set of "Emoji modifiers" are defined. These are modifier characters intended to define the skin colour to be used for the emoji, based on the Fitzpatrick scale (but conflating the two lightest skin types into one category): :U+1F3FB EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-1-2 :U+1F3FC EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-3 :U+1F3FD EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-4 :U+1F3FE EMOJI MODIFIER F ...
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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 Coded character sets is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), that develops and facilitates standards within the field of coded character sets. The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 is the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), located in Japan. SC 2 is responsible for the development of the Universal Coded Character Set (ISO/IEC 10646) which is the international standard corresponding to the Unicode Standard. History ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 was established in 1987, originally with the title “Character Sets and Information Coding,” with the area of work being, “the standardization of bit and byte coded representation of information for interchange including among others, sets of graphic characters, of control functions, of picture elements and audio information coding of text for proces ...
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International Committee For Information Technology Standards
The InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS), (pronounced "insights"), is an ANSI-accredited standards development organization composed of Information technology developers. It was formerly known as the X3 and NCITS. INCITS is the central U.S. forum dedicated to creating technology standards. INCITS is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and is affiliated with the Information Technology Industry Council, a global policy advocacy organization that represents U.S. and global innovation companies. INCITS coordinates technical standards activity between ANSI in the US and joint ISO/IEC committees worldwide. This provides a mechanism to create standards that will be implemented in many nations. As such, INCITS' Executive Board also serves as ANSI's Technical Advisory Group for ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1. JTC 1 is responsible for International standardization in the field of information technology. INCITS operates thro ...
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Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology Technical standard, standard for the consistent character encoding, encoding, representation, and handling of Character (computing), text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, which is maintained by the Unicode Consortium, defines as of the current version (15.0) 149,186 characters covering 161 modern and historic script (Unicode), scripts, as well as symbols, emoji (including in colors), and non-visual control and formatting codes. Unicode's success at unifying character sets has led to its widespread and predominant use in the internationalization and localization of computer software. The standard has been implemented in many recent technologies, including modern operating systems, XML, and most modern programming languages. The Unicode character repertoire is synchronized with Universal Coded Character Set, ISO/IEC 10646, each being code-for-code id ...
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Variant Form (Unicode)
A variant form is a different glyph for a character, encoded in Unicode through the mechanism of variation sequences: sequences in Unicode that consist of a base character followed by a variation selector character. A variant form usually has a very similar appearance and meaning as its base form. The mechanism is intended for variant forms where, generally, if the variant form is unavailable, displaying the base character does not change the meaning of the text, and may not even be noticeable by many readers. Unicode defines two types of variation sequences: * ''Standardized variation sequences'' defined in StandardizedVariants.txt * ''Ideographic variation sequences'' defined in the Ideographic Variation Database (IVD) Variation selector characters reside in several Unicode blocks: * Variation Selectors (16 characters abbreviated VS1–VS16) * Variation Selectors Supplement (240 characters abbreviated VS17–VS256) * Mongolian (3 characters abbreviated FVS1–FVS3) ...
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