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Łódź–Bednary Railway
The Łódź–Bednary railway is a railway line located in Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, connecting the city of Łódź with the village of Bednary, located on Warsaw–Kunowice railway, Warsaw-Kunowice railway. It is commonly described as Łódź-Łowicz railway, because the passenger traffic on the railway is guided toward the Łowicz Główny railway station, main station in the town of Łowicz. The section from Zgierz to Łódź is a crucial part of a railway ring around the city. The railway line was opened in 1902 as the part of Broad-gauge railway, broad gauge Warsaw–Kalisz Railway, Warsaw-Kalisz railway. During World War I it was rebuilt into Standard-gauge railway, standard gauge. Electrification of the line took place in 1965. In the years 2007 the railway line was closed down due to poor condition of the tracks. Refurbishment took place between March and September 2011. Traffic was restored on 1 October 2011. In the year 2013 the line received new stopping points, due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heavy Rail
Various terms are used for passenger railway lines and equipment; the usage of these terms differs substantially between areas: Rapid transit A rapid transit system is an electric railway characterized by high speed (~) and rapid acceleration. It uses passenger railcars operating singly or in multiple unit trains on fixed rails. It operates on separate rights-of-way from which all other vehicular and foot traffic are excluded (i.e. is fully grade-separated from other traffic). It uses sophisticated signaling systems, and high platform loading. Originally, the term ''rapid transit'' was used in the 1800s to describe new forms of quick urban public transportation that had a right-of-way separated from street traffic. This set rapid transit apart from horsecars, trams, streetcars, omnibuses, and other forms of public transport. A variant of the term, ''mass rapid transit (MRT)'', is also used for metro systems in Southeast Asia and Taiwan. Though the term was almost alway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP PLK
PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. is the Polish railway infrastructure manager, responsible for maintenance of rail tracks, conducting the trains across the country, scheduling train timetables, and management of railway land. The company was founded in 2001 as part of the split-up of the once-unitary Polish State Railways JSC, to separate infrastructure management and transport operations. References See also * Transportation in Poland * List of railway companies * Polish locomotives designation * PKP Group PKP Group ( pl, Grupa PKP) is a Polish corporate group founded in 2001 from the former state enterprise, Polish State Railways. The purpose of this change was to separate infrastructure management and transport operations. It consists of the follo ... PKP Group companies Railway companies of Poland Railway infrastructure managers {{poland-rail-transport-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Lines In Poland
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in Track (rail transport), tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles (rolling stock) are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist of steel rails, installed on Railroad tie, sleepers (ties) set in track ballast, ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as "slab track", in which the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface. Rolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lower friction, frictional resistance than rubber-tyred road vehicles, so passenger and freight cars (carriages and wagons) can be coupled into longer trains. The rail transport operations, operation is carried out by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Przewozy Regionalne
Polregio (formerly ''Przewozy Regionalne'') is a train operator in Poland, responsible for local and interregional passenger transportation. Each day it runs approximately 3,000 regional trains. In 2002 it carried 215 million passengers. The company was founded in 2001 from the splitup of the PKP Passenger Transport Sector of the once-unitary ''Polskie Koleje Państwowe'' national rail operator into several companies to meet European Union requirements. Train categories ;REGIO (R) :local passenger train, 2nd class only, stops (usually) at all stations ;REGIOplus :semi-fast local passenger train, 2nd class only, stops at a limited number of stations, same fare as Regio ;interREGIO (IR) :low-cost inter-regional fast train, 2nd class only, stops at medium and major stations only; since 1 September 2015 only on routes Łódź – Warszawa and Ełk – Grodno (Belarus), due to company's economics and restructuring. ;REGIOekspres (RE) :fast trains on international routes; sto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna
Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna (Łódź Metropolitan Railway) is a commuter rail service operating between the Polish city of Łódź and surrounding towns in the Łódź Voivodeship (province). The company was founded in 2010. It is fully owned by the Łódź Voivodeship government. Services The Railway operates services to destinations between Łódź and the following towns and cities: Koluszki, Kutno, Łowicz, Sieradz, Skierniewice, Zgierz. On weekends, services operate between Łódź and the Warszawa Wschodnia railway station in Warsaw. The main termini stations of the network are Łódź Kaliska, Zgierz and Łódź Widzew. Services are operated on railway tracks owned by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe, which are shared with other rail operators. The central sections of ŁKA form a circular line encircling the city of Łódź, running between Łódź Kaliska railway station and the Widzew railway station in the Łódź suburb of Widzew, the town of Zgierz, and conclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard-gauge Railway
A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of . The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after George Stephenson), International gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge and European gauge in Europe, and SGR in East Africa. It is the most widely used track gauge around the world, with approximately 55% of the lines in the world using it. All high-speed rail lines use standard gauge except those in Russia, Finland, and Uzbekistan. The distance between the inside edges of the rails is defined to be 1435 mm except in the United States and on some heritage British lines, where it is defined in U.S. customary/Imperial units as exactly "four feet eight and one half inches" which is equivalent to 1435.1mm. History As railways developed and expanded, one of the key issues was the track gauge (the distance, or width, between the inner sides of the rails) to be used. Different railways used different gauges, and where rails of different gauge met – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw–Kalisz Railway
The Warsaw - Kalisz Railway ( pl, Kolej Warszawsko-Kaliska), also called Kalisz Railway is a railway in Poland connecting Warsaw and Kalisz. It was built between 1900 - 1902 by the ''Society of the Warsaw–Vienna railway'' in the Russian-controlled Congress Poland. The line was opened on 15 November 1902 connecting the railway junction in Warsaw with Kalisz near the border of the Russian Empire and German Empire. Unlike the earlier Warsaw–Vienna railway the line to Kalisz was built to the Russian broad gauge to facilitate Russian military transports and limit the potential for interoperability with the European rail network. In 1906, the ''Warsaw - Kalisz Railway'' was connected with the German railways, through a newly constructed dual-gauge line Kalisz - Nowe Skalmierzyce (a village which served as a border checkpoint). In 1910, German government built another line, from Oleśnica, via Odolanów, to Ostrów Wielkopolski, which shortened the rail distance between Wrocław and K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broad-gauge Railway
A broad-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge (the distance between the rails) broader than the used by standard-gauge railways. Broad gauge of , commonly known as Russian gauge, is the dominant track gauge in former Soviet Union (CIS states, Baltic states, Georgia and Ukraine), Mongolia and Finland. Broad gauge of , commonly known as Irish Gauge, is the dominant track gauge in Ireland, and the Australian states of Victoria and Adelaide. Broad gauge of , commonly known as Iberian gauge, is the dominant track gauge in Spain and Portugal. Broad gauge of , commonly known as Indian gauge, is the dominant track gauge in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) in the San Francisco Bay Area. This is the widest gauge in common use anywhere in the world. It is possible for trains on both Iberian gauge and Indian gauge to travel on each other's tracks with no modifications in the vast majority of cases. History In Gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łódź
Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting arms, canting, as it depicts a boat ( in Polish language, Polish), which alludes to the city's name. As of 2022, Łódź has a population of 670,642 making it the country's List of cities and towns in Poland, fourth largest city. Łódź was once a small settlement that first appeared in 14th-century records. It was granted city rights, town rights in 1423 by Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło and it remained a private town of the Kuyavian bishops and clergy until the late 18th century. In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź was annexed to Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia before becoming part of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw; the city joined Congress Poland, a Russian Empire, Russian client state, at the 1815 Congress of Vien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is one-directional flow of electric charge. An electrochemical cell is a prime example of DC power. Direct current may flow through a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current. The abbreviations ''AC'' and ''DC'' are often used to mean simply ''alternating'' and ''direct'', as when they modify ''current'' or ''voltage''. Direct current may be converted from an alternating current supply by use of a rectifier, which contains electronic elements (usually) or electromechanical elements (historically) that allow current to flow only in one direction. Direct current may be converted into alternating current via an inverter. Direct current has many uses, from the charging of batteries to large power sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overhead Wire
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, trolleybuses or trams. It is known variously as: * Overhead catenary * Overhead contact system (OCS) * Overhead equipment (OHE) * Overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE) * Overhead lines (OHL) * Overhead wiring (OHW) * Traction wire * Trolley wire This article follows the International Union of Railways in using the generic term ''overhead line''. An overhead line consists of one or more wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regular intervals. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid. Overview Electric trains that collect their current from overhead lines use a device such as a pantograph, bow collector or trolley pole. It presses against the underside of the lowest overhead wire, the contact wire. Current collectors are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łódź–Kutno Railway
The Łódź—Kutno railway is a railway line located in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, connecting the city of Łódź with a railway station in Kutno via Zgierz, Ozorków and Łęczyca. The section between Łódź Widzew and Zgierz stations is a part of a railway ring around the city of Łódź. History Construction of the railway was commenced by Polish State Railways in 1920. In 1923 the partially finished section between Zgierz and Łęczyca was opened, three years later a link to Kutno was finished. The section between Zgierz and Widzew stations was finished in 1931. The railway was electrified within two stages: in 1969 (Łódź Widzew-Zgierz) and 1981 (Zgierz-Kutno). Current condition The railway line is currently used for both freight and passenger services. The section between Zgierz and Kutno is listed as the railway of national importance. However, due to being single-track, the capacity of the railway is vastly limited, especially with regional pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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