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úath
Uath, Old Irish Úath, hÚath (), is the sixth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚆ, transcribed in manuscript tradition, but unattested in actual inscriptions. The kenning "a meet of hounds is ''huath''" identifies the name as ''úath'' "horror, fear", although the Auraicept glosses " white-thorn": :''comdal cuan huath (.i. sce L. om); no ar is uathmar hi ara deilghibh'' "a meet of hounds is ''huath'' (i.e. white-thorn); or because it is formidable (''uathmar'') for its thorns." The original etymology of the name, and the letter's value, are, however, unclear. McManus (1986) suggested a value /y/ (i.e. the semivowel . Peter Schrijver suggested that if ''úath'' "fear" is cognate with Latin ''pavere'', a trace of PIE ''*p'' might have survived into Primitive Irish, but there is no independent evidence for this. BrÃatharogam In the medieval kennings, called ''BrÃatharogam'' or ''Word Ogham'' the verses associated with ''Úath'' are: condál cúan - "assembly of packs of hounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ogham
Ogham (also ogam and ogom, , Modern Irish: ; , later ) is an Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to write the early Irish language (in the "orthodox" inscriptions, 4th to 6th centuries AD), and later the Old Irish language ( scholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries). There are roughly 400 surviving orthodox inscriptions on stone monuments throughout Ireland and western Britain, the bulk of which are in southern areas of the Irish province of Munster. The Munster counties of Cork and Kerry contain 60% of all Irish ogham stones. The largest number outside Ireland are in Pembrokeshire, Wales. The inscriptions usually consist of personal names written in a set formula. Many of the High Medieval '' BrÃatharogaim'' (kennings for the ogham letters) are understood to reference various trees and plants. This interpretation was popularized by Robert Graves in his book '' The White Goddess''; for this reason, Ogham is sometimes known as the Celtic tree alphabet. The etymology of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BrÃatharogam
In early Irish literature, a ''BrÃatharogam'' ("word ogham", plural ''BrÃatharogaim'') is a two-word kenning which explains the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ''brÃatharogaim'' or "word-oghams" have been preserved, dating to the Old Irish period. They are as follows: *''BrÃatharogam Morainn mac MoÃn'' *''BrÃatharogam Maic ind Óc'' *''BrÃatharogam Con Culainn'' The first two of these are attested from all three surviving copies of the '' Ogam Tract'', while the " Cú Chulainn" version is not in the Book of Ballymote and only known from 16th- and 17th-century manuscripts. The '' Auraicept na n-Éces'' or 'Scholars' Primer' reports and interprets the ''BrÃatharogam Morainn mac MoÃn''. Later Medieval scholars believed that all of the letter names were those of trees, and attempted to explain the ''brÃatharogaim'' in that light. However, modern scholarship has shown that only eight at most of the letter names are those o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Irish
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic (, Ogham, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; ; ; or ), is the oldest form of the Goidelic languages, Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts. It was used from 600 to 900. The main contemporary texts are dated 700–850; by 900 the language had already transitioned into early Middle Irish. Some Old Irish texts date from the 10th century, although these are presumably copies of texts written at an earlier time. Old Irish is forebear to Modern Irish, Manx language, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Old Irish is known for having a particularly complex system of morphology (linguistics), morphology and especially of allomorphy (more or less unpredictable variations in stems and suffixes in differing circumstances), as well as a complex phonology, sound system involving grammatically significant Irish initial mutations, consonant mutations to the initial consonant of a word. Apparently,It is difficult to know for sure, giv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenning
A kenning ( Icelandic: ) is a figure of speech, a figuratively-phrased compound term that is used in place of a simple single-word noun. For instance, the Old English kenning () means , as does (). A kenning has two parts: a base-word (also known as a head-word) and a determinant. So in ''whale's road'', ''road'' is the base-word, and ''whale's'' is the determinant. This is the same structure as in the modern English term ''skyscraper''; the base-word here would be ''scraper'', and the determinant ''sky''. In some languages, kennings can recurse, with one element of the kenning being replaced by another kenning. The meaning of the kenning is known as its referent (in the case of ''whale's road'', ''sea'' is the referent). Note that ''skyscraper'' is not a kenning, as it is not a circumlocution for a simpler term; it just means . Kennings are strongly associated with Old Norse-Icelandic and Old English alliterative verse. They continued to be a feature of Icelandic poe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crataegus Monogyna
''Crataegus monogyna'', known as common hawthorn, whitethorn, one-seed hawthorn, or single-seeded hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It grows to about tall, producing plant sexuality, hermaphrodite flowers in late spring. The berry-like pomes (known as haws) contain a stone-encased seed. The plant is native to Europe, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world. The pome flesh is of little culinary interest due to its dryness, but is used to make jellies. The young leaves and petals are also edible. Description The common hawthorn is a shrub or small tree up to about tall, with a dense crown. The Bark (botany), bark is dull brown with vertical orange cracks. The younger stems bear sharp thorns, about long. The leaves are long, obovate, and deeply lobed, sometimes almost to the midrib, with the lobes spreading at a wide angle. The upper surface is dark green above and paler underneath. The hermaphrodite flowers are produced i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Schrijver
Peter Schrijver (; born 1963) is a Dutch linguist. He is a professor of Celtic languages at Utrecht University and a researcher of ancient Indo-European linguistics. He worked previously at Leiden University and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He has published four books and a large number of articles on the history and the linguistics of Indo-European languages, particularly the description, reconstruction and syntax of the Celtic languages, and has lately been researching language change and language contact in ancient Europe.''Curriculum Vitae'' in ''Keltisch en de buren: 9000 jaar taalcontact'', ("Celtic and their Neighbours: 9000 years of language contact") University of Utrecht, March 2007, p. 29 (in Dutch). Biography Born in |
Kennings
A kenning ( Icelandic: ) is a figure of speech, a figuratively-phrased compound term that is used in place of a simple single-word noun. For instance, the Old English kenning () means , as does (). A kenning has two parts: a base-word (also known as a head-word) and a determinant. So in ''whale's road'', ''road'' is the base-word, and ''whale's'' is the determinant. This is the same structure as in the modern English term ''skyscraper''; the base-word here would be ''scraper'', and the determinant ''sky''. In some languages, kennings can recurse, with one element of the kenning being replaced by another kenning. The meaning of the kenning is known as its referent (in the case of ''whale's road'', ''sea'' is the referent). Note that ''skyscraper'' is not a kenning, as it is not a circumlocution for a simpler term; it just means . Kennings are strongly associated with Old Norse-Icelandic and Old English alliterative verse. They continued to be a feature of Icelandic poe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auraicept Na N-Éces
''Auraicept na nÉces'' (; "The Scholars' Primer" ) is an Old Irish text on language and grammar. The core of the text may date to the early eighth century, but much material was added between that date and the production of the earliest surviving copies from the end of the fourteenth century. The text is the first instance of a defence of a western European vernacular, defending the spoken Irish language over Latin, predating Dante's ''De vulgari eloquentia'' by several hundred years. Manuscripts # TCD H 2.16. (Yellow Book of Lecan), 14th century # RIA 23 P 12 (Book of Ballymote), foll. 169r–180r, ca. 1390 Contents The Auraicept consists of four books, The author argues from a comparison of Gaelic grammar with the materials used in the constructions of the Tower of Babel: Others affirm that in the tower there were only nine materials and that these were clay and water, wool and blood, wood and lime, pitch, linen, and bitumen ... These represent noun, pronoun, verb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
