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Ívar Bárðarson
Ívar Bárðarson (also known as Ivar Bardarson) was a fourteenth-century Norwegian clergyman. After the death of the Gardar bishop, he became the Catholic Church's official representative in Greenland. He is known primarily for his reports on the medieval Norse colonies. The reports covered the Eastern Settlement, church property, daily life, and perilous sailing routes. On an expedition to the more remote Western Settlement, Bárðarson found the colony abandoned, inhabited only by feral livestock. No original written reports have survived, but a sixteenth-century Danish translation has been preserved. Despite possible errors or interpolations, it remains valuable to historians. The translation is one of the few primary sources for life in medieval Greenland. During the 1360s, he returned to Norway and was appointed canon of Bergen Cathedral. Life Ívar Bárðarson was a Norwegian clergyman who was the Catholic Church's official representative in Greenland from 1341 to 1366 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Voyages Of The Venetian Brothers, Nicolò And Antonio Zeno, To The Northern Seas In The XIVth Century - Comprising The Latest Known Accounts Of The Lost Colony Of Greenland And Of The Northmen In (14784082772)
''The'' is a grammatical Article (grammar), article in English language, English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the Most common words in English, most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Purchas
Samuel Purchas ( – 1626) was an England, English Anglican cleric who published several volumes of reports by travellers to foreign countries. Career Purchas was born at Thaxted, Essex, England, Essex, son of a yeoman. He graduated from St John's College, Cambridge, in 1600. In 1604 James I of England, James I presented him to the vicarage of St. Laurence and All Saints Church, Eastwood, St. Laurence and All Saints, in Eastwood, Essex. Eastwood is two miles from Leigh-on-Sea, which was then a prosperous shipping centre and a congregational place of seafaring men. Purchas himself never travelled "200 miles from Thaxted in Essex where I was borne." Instead, he recorded personal narratives shared with him by sailors who returned to England from their voyages. He added these accounts to a vast compilation of unsorted manuscripts that were left to him by Richard Hakluyt, which were later published as Purchas's third – and final – book. In 1614, Purchas became chaplain to Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Roman Catholic Priests
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of King Charles IV of France led to a claim to the French throne by King Edward III of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and the Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a single conqueror. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greenlandic Writers
Greenlandic may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Greenland, a country * Greenlanders * Greenlandic Inuit, the indigenous people of Greenland *Greenlandic culture *Greenlandic cuisine *Greenlandic people in Denmark * Greenlandic language, an Inuit–Yupik–Unangan language spoken by the people of Greenland **Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic) **Inuktun (North Greenlandic) **Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) * Historically, anything relating to the Norse communities in southwestern Greenland * Greenlandic Norse, extinct language * Danish language, as spoken in Greenland Other uses *Greenlandic sheep, a sheep species *Greenlandic krone, a planned currency for Greenland, plans of which were abandoned in 2009 *Greenlandic shark, a national dish of Iceland consisting of a Greenland shark See also * * * * *Greenland (other) *Greenlandian In the geologic time scale, the Greenlandian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Holocene Epoch or Series, part of the Quat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norse Colonization Of North America
The exploration of North America by Norsemen began in the late 10th century. Voyages from Iceland reached Greenland and founded colonies along its western coast. Norse settlements on Greenland lasted almost 500 years, and the population peaked at around 2,000–3,000 people. The colonies consisted mostly of farms along Greenland's scattered coastal fjords. Colonists relied heavily on hunting, especially of walruses and the harp seal. For lumber, they harvested driftwood, imported wood from Europe, and sailed to modern-day Canada. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Greenland colonists used lumber and possibly iron ore imported from North America. Archaeologists found remains of one short-term settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows near the northern tip of Newfoundland. The remains of buildings excavated there in the 1960s dated to approximately 1,000 years ago. It was not a permanent settlement and lacked graves and livestock areas. The site was abandoned, seemingly deliberate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Greenland
The history of Greenland is a history of life under extreme Arctic conditions: currently, an ice sheet covers about eighty percent of the island, restricting human activity largely to the coasts. The first humans are thought to have arrived in Greenland around 2500 BCE. Their descendants most likely died out and were replaced and succeeded by several other human groups migrating from continental North America since then. There has been no evidence discovered that Greenland was known to Norsemen until the 9th century CE, when Norse Icelandic explorers settled on its southwestern coast. The ancestors of the Greenlandic Inuit who live there today appear to have migrated there later, around the year 1200, across the Nares Strait from northern Canada. While the Inuit survived in the icy world of the Little Ice Age, the early Norse settlements along the southwestern coast disappeared, leaving the Inuit as the only inhabitants of the island for several centuries. During this time, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greenlandic Roman Catholic Priests
Greenlandic may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Greenland, a country * Greenlanders * Greenlandic Inuit, the indigenous people of Greenland *Greenlandic culture *Greenlandic cuisine *Greenlandic people in Denmark * Greenlandic language, an Inuit–Yupik–Unangan language spoken by the people of Greenland **Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic) **Inuktun (North Greenlandic) **Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) * Historically, anything relating to the Norse communities in southwestern Greenland * Greenlandic Norse, extinct language * Danish language, as spoken in Greenland Other uses *Greenlandic sheep, a sheep species *Greenlandic krone, a planned currency for Greenland, plans of which were abandoned in 2009 *Greenlandic shark, a national dish of Iceland consisting of a Greenland shark See also * * * * *Greenland (other) *Greenlandian In the geologic time scale, the Greenlandian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Holocene Epoch or Series, part of the Quat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dansk Biografisk Leksikon
''Dansk Biografisk Leksikon'' (usually abbreviated DBL; title of first edition written ''Dansk biografisk Lexikon'') is a Danish biographical dictionary that has been published in three editions. The first edition, ''Dansk biografisk Lexikon, tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537–1814'' (''"...including Norway for the period 1537–1814"'') was published in nineteen volumes 1887–1905 under the editorship of the historian Carl Frederik Bricka. The first edition, which is in the public domain The public domain (PD) consists of all the creative work to which no Exclusive exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly Waiver, waived, or may be inapplicable. Because no one holds ... is available online at Projekt Runeberg. Later editions were published 1933–1934 (27 volumes) and 1979–1984 (16 volumes). While some of the biographies from the previous editions have been updated in the third edition, many othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permafrost
Permafrost () is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below for two years or more; the oldest permafrost has been continuously frozen for around 700,000 years. Whilst the shallowest permafrost has a vertical extent of below a meter (3 ft), the deepest is greater than . Similarly, the area of individual permafrost zones may be limited to narrow mountain summits or extend across vast Arctic regions. The ground beneath glaciers and ice sheets is not usually defined as permafrost, so on land, permafrost is generally located beneath a so-called active layer of soil which freezes and thaws depending on the season. Around 15% of the Northern Hemisphere or 11% of the global surface is underlain by permafrost, covering a total area of around . This includes large areas of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Siberia. It is also located in high mountain regions, with the Tibetan Plateau being a prominent example. Only a minority of permafrost exists in the Southern Hemi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interpolation (manuscripts)
An interpolation, in relation to literature and especially ancient manuscripts, is an entry or passage in a text that was not written by the original author. As there are often several generations of copies between an extant copy of an ancient text and the original, each handwritten by different scribes, there is a natural tendency for extraneous material to be inserted into such documents over time. Overview Interpolations originally may be inserted as an authentic explanatory note (for example, ), but may also be included for fraudulent purposes. The forged passages and works attributed to the Pseudo-Isidore are an example of the latter. Similarly, the letters of Ignatius of Antioch were interpolated by Apollinarian heretics, three centuries after the originals were written. Charters and legal texts are also subject to forgery of this kind. In the 13th century, a medieval romance, the Prose ''Tristan'', inserted another prose romance, the Vulgate Cycle's ''Queste del Saint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
