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Édouard Drouyn De Lhuys
Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys (; 19 November 1805 – 1 March 1881) was a French diplomat. Born in Paris, he was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. The scion of a wealthy and noble house, he excelled in rhetoric. He quickly became interested in politics and diplomacy. Biography He was ambassador to the Netherlands and Spain, and distinguished himself by his opposition to Guizot. Drouyn de Lhuys served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1848 to 1849 in the first government of Odilon Barrot. In Barrot's second government, he was replaced by Alexis de Tocqueville, and was appointed ambassador to Great Britain. He returned briefly as foreign minister for a few days in January 1851, and then returned permanently in the summer of 1852, becoming the first foreign minister of the Second Empire. He resigned his post in 1855, during the Crimean War, when the peace preliminaries he had agreed to in consultation with the British and Austrians at Vienna were rejected by Napoleon III. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Drouyn De Lhuys
Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys (; 19 November 1805 – 1 March 1881) was a French diplomat. Born in Paris, he was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. The scion of a wealthy and noble house, he excelled in rhetoric. He quickly became interested in politics and diplomacy. Biography He was ambassador to the Netherlands and Spain, and distinguished himself by his opposition to Guizot. Drouyn de Lhuys served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1848 to 1849 in the first government of Odilon Barrot. In Barrot's second government, he was replaced by Alexis de Tocqueville, and was appointed ambassador to Great Britain. He returned briefly as foreign minister for a few days in January 1851, and then returned permanently in the summer of 1852, becoming the first foreign minister of the Second Empire. He resigned his post in 1855, during the Crimean War, when the peace preliminaries he had agreed to in consultation with the British and Austrians at Vienna were rejected by Napoleon III. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Saint Joseph
The Order of Saint Joseph was instituted on 9 March 1807 by Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany during his reign as Grand Duke of Würzburg. It was transformed into a Tuscan Roman Catholic Dynastic Order in 1817. The constitution of the Order was promulgated in March 1817, with amendments in August 1817. The order was divided into civil and military categories but these are now defunct. It is given to reward services towards Tuscan culture and civilisation and to the Grand Ducal House as a whole. The Order is divided into three levels: * Knights Grand Cross, numbering thirty * Commander, numbering sixty * Knights, numbering one hundred and fifty These numbers excluded Sovereigns, Heads of State, and Princes of the Grand Ducal House and other Royal Houses, Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church and Tuscan Metropolitan Archbishops. All had to be Catholics. The number of women members cannot exceed fifty, excluding Princesses of the Grand Ducal and other Royal Houses, wives of Heads ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre Colonna, Comte Walewski
Alexandre Florian Joseph, Count Colonna-Walewski (; pl, Aleksander Florian Józef Colonna-Walewski; 4 May 181027 September 1868), was a Polish and French politician and diplomat, best known for his position as Foreign Minister of France under Napoleon III and for his diplomatic efforts presiding the Congress of Paris that created peace in the Crimean War and laid the base for modern international law of the sea with the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law. Early years Walewski was born at Walewice, near Warsaw in Poland from Countess Marie Walewska and her husband Athanasius, Count Walewski. He was rumoured to be the unacknowledged son of Napoleon I, although Athanasius legally acknowledged him as his own son. In 2013, published scholarship comparing DNA haplotype evidence taken from Emperor Napoleon, from his brother King Jérôme Bonaparte's descendant Charles, Prince Napoléon and from Colonna-Walewski's descendant indicated Alexandre's membership in the genetic mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Félix Étienne, Marquis De Turgot
Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot (26 September 1796, in Falaise, Calvados – 2 October 1866, in Versailles) was a French diplomat and politician. Family He was the son of Étienne-François Turgot (1721–1789), marquis de Soumont; his great-uncle was Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune; his great grandfather was Michel-Étienne Turgot. He married Louise Mouton de Lobau, in 1830, daughter of Georges Mouton, comte Lobau. He had children Jacques-Louis Turgot, who married Tecla de Montaignac in 1867; and Madame Dubois de L'Estaing. Career He left Saint-Cyr, and was a trooper in the guard who followed Louis XVIII to Ghent. He was a Cuirassiers officer in the Royal Guard under the Restoration, he resigned on 26 July 1830. He rallied to Louis Philippe, and entered the House of Peers in 1832, where he sat with the right, supporters of conservative politics. After the presidential election of 1848, he became a fervent supporter of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte Napole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatole, Baron Brénier De Renaudière
Anatole Alexandre François Henri Baron Brenier de Renaudière (22 August 1807, Paris – 27 March 1885 La Lucassière ( Vouvray, Indre-et-Loire)) was a French diplomat and politician. After being secretary in London and Lisbon, he became consul of France in Warsaw after the death of Raymond Durand (1837), and was later general consul in Florence. In 1847, he took his father's succession as Director of Finances (''Directeur des Fonds et de la Comptabilité'') of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was chosen by Louis Napoléon Bonaparte as Foreign Minister from 24 January to 10 April 1851. He was ambassador of France to Naples up to the Garibaldi Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( , ;In his native Ligurian language, he is known as ''Gioxeppe Gaibado''. In his particular Niçard dialect of Ligurian, he was known as ''Jousé'' or ''Josep''. 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, pat ...an invasion. He then became a senator on 24 May 1861. He had married Isabelle Unwi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Ernest Ducos, Vicomte De La Hitte
Jean Ernest Ducos de La Hitte, Viscount, was born on 5 September 1789 in Bessières (Haute-Garonne), and died on 22 September 1878 in Gragnague (Haute-Garonne). He was a French major general, Senator, Foreign Minister, and the implementer of the La Hitte system of rifled guns in 1858. He entered the Ecole Polytechnique in 1807. He fought in Spain as an artillery lieutenant, in the campaigns of 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813 and 1814. He was in particular noticed at the siege of Cadiz. He became Brigadier general on 22 February 1829, at 39 years of age. One year after (1830), he commanded the artillery in Africa during the capture of Algiers. He was President of the Artillery committee during the Revolution of 1848. He became Minister for Foreign Affairs from November 1849 until 9 January 1851. He created the La Hitte system LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States. La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Bastide
Jules Bastide (22 November 1800, in Paris, France – 2 March 1879) was a French politician, journalist and writer. Lawyer and revolutionary Bastide studied law for a time, and was afterward engaged in business as a timber merchant. In 1821, he became a member of the French ''Charbonnerie'', modelled after the Italian revolutionary organization Carbonari, and took a prominent part in the Revolution of 1830. After the Revolution he received an artillery command in the National Guard under the new July Monarchy. For his part in the Paris Uprising of 1832 on the occasion of the funeral of General Maximilien Lamarque, Bastide was sentenced to death, but escaped to London. Journalist and statesman On his return to Paris in 1834, Bastide was acquitted. He occupied himself with journalism, and he contributed to the ''National'', a republican journal of which he became editor in 1836. In 1847, he founded the '' Revue Nationale'' as a collaborative venture with Philippe Buchez, whose i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Foreign Affairs (France)
The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs () is the ministry of the Government of France that handles France's foreign relations. Since 1855, its headquarters have been located at 37 Quai d'Orsay, close to the National Assembly. The term Quai d'Orsay is often used as a metonym for the ministry. Its cabinet minister, the Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs (french: Ministre de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères) is responsible for the foreign relations of France. The current officeholder, Catherine Colonna, was appointed in 2022. In 1547, royal secretaries became specialised, writing correspondence to foreign governments and negotiating peace treaties. The four French secretaries of state where foreign relations were divided by region, in 1589, became centralised with one becoming first secretary responsible for international relations. The Ancien Régime position of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs became Foreign Minister around 1723; Charles Hélion Marie le Gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internationalization Of The Danube River
The Danube River has been a trade waterway for centuries, but with the rise of international borders and the jealousies of national states, commerce and shipping has often been hampered for reasons of conflict and parochialism rather than cooperation between various powers in control of parts of the river. In addition, natural features of the river, most notably the sanding of the delta, has often hampered international trade. For these reasons, diplomats over the decades have worked to internationalize the Danube River in an attempt to allow commerce to flow as smoothly as possible.George L. Garrigues, ''The European Commission of the Danube: An Historical Survey,'' Division of Social Sciences, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Riverside, 1957 Rivalry among the great powers — particularly Great Britain and Russia — hindered such cooperation, but in 1856, at the end of the Crimean War, it was finally decided to establish an international organization whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as '' The Daily''. Founded in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones, it was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company. The ''Times'' has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper, and has long been regarded as a national " newspaper of record". For print it is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S. The paper is owned by the New York Times Company, which is publicly traded. It has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 1896, through a dual-class share structure after its shares became publicly traded. A. G. Sulzberger, the paper's publisher and the company's chairman, is the fifth generation of the family to head the pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Saint-Charles
The Order of Saint Charles (french: Ordre de Saint Charles) is a dynastic order of knighthood established in Monaco on 15 March 1858. Award This order rewards service to the State or Prince. In particular cases, it may be granted to foreigners. It is awarded by the current Sovereign, Prince Albert II. Reception Except for Members of the Princely Family and foreigners, one can only receive the Order first with the rank of Knight. To be awarded the following higher ranks, one must keep the lower rank for a set length of time: * Officer: four years as a Knight * Commander: three years as an Officer * Grand Officer: four years as a Commander * Grand Cross: five years as a Grand Officer Nominations belong to the Sovereign. The Chancellor proposes promotions. According to the Prince's orders, the Chancellor proposes the projects of nomination and promotion ordonnances. The grantees must be received in the Order before wearing the decorations. The Grand-Master receives the Gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Seraphim
The Royal Order of the Seraphim ( sv, Kungliga Serafimerorden; ''Seraphim'' being a category of angels) is a Swedish order of chivalry created by Frederick I of Sweden, King Frederick I on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Polar Star. The order has only one class with the dignity of ''Knight'' (''Member'' for women and ''Member of the Cloth'' for clergymen), and is the foremost order of Sweden. The three above-mentioned Orders together with the Order of Vasa form the Orders of His Majesty the King (Swedish language, Swedish ''Kungl. Maj:ts Orden''). A Swedish Knight of the Order of the Seraphim is not referred to as a Knight of the Seraphim, but rather as a ''Knight and Commander of the Orders of His Majesty the King'' ( sv, Riddare och Kommendör av Kunglig Majestäts Orden). This form is used because the Swedish word ''orden'' is an old plural form which indicates that a knight has to be a Commander Grand Cross or Commander of at least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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