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École Nationale D'Administration
The École nationale d'administration (generally referred to as ENA, en, National School of Administration) was a French ''grande école'', created in 1945 by President of France, President Charles de Gaulle and principal author of the Constitution of France, 1958 Constitution Michel Debré, to democratise access to the senior French Civil Service, civil service. It was abolished on 31 December 2021 and replaced by the Institut national du service public (INSP). The ENA selected and undertook initial training of senior French officials. It was considered to be one of the most academically exceptional French schools, both because of its low acceptance rates and because a large majority of its candidates have already graduated from other elite schools in the country. Thus, within French society, the ENA stood as one of the main pathways to high positions in the public and private sectors. Originally located in Paris, it had been relocated to Strasbourg to emphasise its European c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public University
A public university or public college is a university or college that is in owned by the state or receives significant public funds through a national or subnational government, as opposed to a private university. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape. Africa Egypt In Egypt, Al-Azhar University was founded in 970 AD as a madrasa; it formally became a public university in 1961 and is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the world. In the 20th century, Egypt opened many other public universities with government-subsidized tuition fees, including Cairo University in 1908, Alexandria University in 1912, Assiut University in 1928, Ain Shams University in 1957, Helwan University in 1959, Beni-Suef University in 1963, Zagazig University in 1974, Benha University in 1976, and Suez Canal University in 1989. Kenya In Kenya, the Ministry of Ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow Vests Movement
The Yellow Vests Protests or Yellow Jackets Protests or Yellow Vests Revolution (french: Mouvement des gilets jaunes, ) are a series of populist, grassroots weekly protests in France that began on 17 November 2018. At first the protestors advocated economic justice; later they called for institutional political reforms. After an online petition posted in May 2018 had attracted nearly 1 million signatures, mass demonstrations began on 17 November. The movement was initially motivated by rising crude oil and fuel prices, a high cost of living, and economic inequality. The movement argued that a disproportionate burden of taxation in France was falling on the working and middle classes, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. The protesters called for lower fuel taxes, a reintroduction of the solidarity tax on wealth, a minimum wage increase, among other things. On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made public and went viral on social media, becoming a ''de facto'' str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Préfecture
In France, a prefecture (french: préfecture) may be: * the ''chef-lieu de département'', the commune in which the administration of a department is located; * the ''chef-lieu de région'', the commune in which the administration of a region is located; * the jurisdiction of a prefecture; * the official residence or headquarters of a prefect. Although the administration of departments and regions is distinct, a regional prefect is ''ex officio'' prefect of the department in which the regional prefecture is located. The officeholder has authority upon the other prefects in the region on a range of matters. Role of the prefecture There are 101 prefectures in France, one for each department. The official in charge is the prefect (french: préfet). The prefecture is an administration that belongs to the Ministry of the Interior; it is therefore in charge of the delivery of identity cards, driving licenses, passports, residency and work permits for foreigners, vehicle registration, r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cour Des Comptes
The ''Cour des Comptes'' ("Court of Accounts") is France's supreme audit institution, under French law an administrative court. As such, it is independent from the legislative and executive branches of the French Government. However, the 1946 and 1958 French constitutions made it the Court's duty to assist the Cabinet and Parliament in regulating government spending. The Court thus combines functions of a court of exchequer, comptroller general's office, and auditor general's office in common-law countries. It is also a Grand Corps of the French State and mainly recruits among the best-ranked students graduating from the Ecole nationale d'administration. The Court traces its origins back to the Middle Ages and views itself as succeeding the Court of Auditors of Paris, permanently established in the early 14th century. It was re-established in 1807 by Napoleon. Its three duties are to conduct financial audits of accounts, conduct good governance audits, and provide information ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of State (France)
A Council of State is a governmental body in a country, or a subdivision of a country, with a function that varies by jurisdiction. It may be the formal name for the cabinet or it may refer to a non-executive advisory body associated with a head of state. In some countries it functions as a supreme administrative court and is sometimes regarded as the equivalent of a privy council. Modern * Belgian Council of State is a judicial and advisory body that assists the executive with obligatory legal advice on each draft law and is the supreme court for administrative justice * Chinese State Council is the country's highest executive body * Colombian Council of State * Cuban Council of State * Danish Council of State is similar to a privy council with a largely ceremonial role * Dutch Council of State is an advisory body that consists of one or two members of the royal family and other members appointed by the Crown * East Timorese Council of State is the political advisory body of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inspection Générale Des Finances
An inspection is, most generally, an organized examination or formal evaluation exercise. In engineering activities inspection involves the measurements, tests, and gauges applied to certain characteristics in regard to an object or activity. The results are usually compared to specified requirements and standards for determining whether the item or activity is in line with these targets, often with a Standard Inspection Procedure in place to ensure consistent checking. Inspections are usually non-destructive. Inspections may be a visual inspection or involve sensing technologies such as ultrasonic testing, accomplished with a direct physical presence or remotely such as a remote visual inspection, and manually or automatically such as an automated optical inspection. Non-contact optical measurement and photogrammetry have become common NDT methods for inspection of manufactured components and design optimisation. A 2007 Scottish Government review of scrutiny of public se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Law
European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union (EU). Since the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community following World War II, the EU has developed the aim to "promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples". The EU has political institutions, social and economic policies, which transcend nation states for the purpose of cooperation and human development. According to its Court of Justice the EU represents "a new legal order of international law".''Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen'' (1963Case 26/62/ref> The EU's legal foundations are the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, currently unanimously agreed on by the governments of 27 member states. New members may join if they agree to follow the rules of the union, and existing states may leave according to their "own constitutional requirements".TEart 50 On the most sophisticated discu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grandes écoles
Grandes may refer to: * Agustín Muñoz Grandes, Spanish general and politician *Banksia ser. Grandes, a series of plant species native to Australia * Grandes y San Martín, a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain *Grandes (islands) Grandes ( el, Γκράντες) is a group of three small islands off the east coast of Crete. Administratively it comes within the Itanos municipality in Lasithi. Grandes can be seen from the Minoan site of Roussolakkos near Palekastro as ca ..., a group of three small islands in the Aegean Sea off the east coast of Crete * ''Grandes'' (album), by Maná {{disambig, geo, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut D'études Politiques De Paris
, motto_lang = fr , mottoeng = Roots of the Future , type = Public research university''Grande école'' , established = , founder = Émile Boutmy , accreditation = , affiliations = CIVICA Sorbonne Paris Cité APSIACOUPERIN CGE , academic_affiliation = , endowment = €127.2 million (2018) , budget = €197 million (2018) , chairperson = Laurence Bertrand Dorléac ( FNSP) , president = Mathias Vicherat , provost = Sergei Guriev , academic_staff = 270 , total_staff = , students = 14,000 , undergrad = 4,000 , postgrad = 10,000 , doctoral = 350 , other_students = , address = , city = Paris, Nancy, Dijon, Poitiers, Menton, Le Havre and Reims , country = France , postalc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilets Jaunes
The Yellow Vests Protests or Yellow Jackets Protests or Yellow Vests Revolution (french: Mouvement des gilets jaunes, ) are a series of populist, grassroots weekly protests in France that began on 17 November 2018. At first the protestors advocated economic justice; later they called for institutional political reforms. After an online petition posted in May 2018 had attracted nearly 1 million signatures, mass demonstrations began on 17 November. The movement was initially motivated by rising crude oil and fuel prices, a high cost of living, and economic inequality. The movement argued that a disproportionate burden of taxation in France was falling on the working and middle classes, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. The protesters called for lower fuel taxes, a reintroduction of the solidarity tax on wealth, a minimum wage increase, among other things. On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made public and went viral on social media, becoming a ''de facto'' str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Institutions In Strasbourg
There are a range of European institutions in Strasbourg (France), the oldest of which dates back to 1815. In all, there are more than twenty different institutions based in the Alsatian city.List of international institutions in Strasbourg Area The European Quarter is spread over an area covering the districts of Wacken, Orangerie and Robertsau in the north-west of the city and comprising the intersection of the River Ill and the Marne-Rhine Canal. The first specific European building in the area was the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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