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.tm is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Turkmenistan. It is operated by Internet Computer Bureau. Nic.tm offers domain name purchase, registration, management and renewal as well as Internationalized Domain Name registration for entities who wish to register their domain names using local Turkmen language characters. It has been marketed as a domain for businesses with trademarks, due to the common use of "TM" in this context. Registrars Domains can be bought directly from the registry or from accredited registrars. The registry currently has registrars from 25 different countries. Domains can be transferred between accredited registrars via an Auth-Code. Second-level domains Since 2020, domain registration services in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the C ...
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Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It is one of the six independent Turkic states. With a population over 7 million, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations on the Asian continent. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for several empires and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once among the biggest cities in the world. It was also one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan be ...
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Altyn Asyr (mobile Operator)
Altyn Asyr CJSC ( Turkmen: , ) is the state owned mobile operator in Turkmenistan. The company uses the TM CELL brand as its trade name. In September 2017, it had more than 5,5 million subscribers. It is headquartered in Ashgabat. The company was founded through official decree by Turkmenistan leader Saparmurat Niyazov in 2004. The company has a monopoly in the mobile market in Turkmenistan. The company is headed by Shyhmyrat Shaharliyev, a member of Turkmen president Serdar Berdimuhamedov's family. The shareholders of the company are not publicly disclosed. Telecommunications are closely monitored and censored in Turkmenistan. Despite considerable investment by Turkmen authoritarian regime into the company, the services provided by the company have been described as poor. History The company was established in August 2004. In the same year, the company became a member of the GSMA, where it was registered under the number ''438 02''. The operator became a structural unit of t ...
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Communications In Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan has a state-controlled press and monitored communication systems. Turkmenistan's telecommunications services are considered to be the least developed of all the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS) countries. Overall, the telecom market in this predominantly rural country is relatively small but has been trying boldly to expand in recent years. The state-owned Turkmen Telecom has been the primary provider of public telephone, email and internet services, and through a subsidiary has been operating a GSM mobile network in competition with a private mobile operator, BCTI (BCTI became MTS Turkmenistan in 2005). Satellite The launch of the first Turkmen communication satellite TurkmenSat 1 was launched in April 2015, the satellite has an anticipated service life of 15 years. The satellite was launched aboard SpaceX Falcon 9. The satellite is built by French Thales Alenia Space and is from the Spacebus 4000 family. The satellite will cover Europe and significant p ...
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Ashgabat City Telephone Network
The Ashgabat City Telephone Network (, AŞTU) is the telecommunications company in Turkmenistan which provides local telephone, CDMA and IPTV service to subscribers in the city of Ashgabat. It provides long-distance and international calls, broadband access to the Internet via ADSL, and Wi-Fi services for home, business, educational institutions and foreign enterprises. History The company was registered on 27 January 1994. Based on the decree of the President of Turkmenistan dated 17 April 2015, the Ashgabat City Telephone Network was transformed into a closed joint-stock company, with the participation of the Ministry of Communications (Turkmenistan), Ministry of Communications of Turkmenistan with a share in the authorized capital of 30% and the State Telecommunications Company Turkmentelecom with a share of 60%. Services Ashgabat City Telephone Network presently offers a variety of brands and services including dedicated physical and virtual server leasing, colocation se ...
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Turkmentelecom
Turkmentelecom () is a national telecommunications company in Turkmenistan founded on April 7, 1993. The head office is located in the city of Ashgabat. It has branches in all regions of Turkmenistan. Turkmentelecom covers all the main target markets of Information and communications technology services. The company provides telephony services (including ISDN), data networking, Internet access, and telegraph. Turkmentelecom is the only telecom operator in Turkmenistan, providing all telecommunications services, including Internet, cell phones (through operator Altyn Asyr), and email. Turkmentelecom cooperates and collaborates with more than 40 operators in foreign countries, as well as with other communications companies, such as Siemens, Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, Netash, Italtel, TCI, and Schlumberger. Services Corporate email For organizations, the company provides corporate email hosting services. VPS/VDS servers Turkmentelecom presently offers a variety of bran ...
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Country Code Top-level Domains
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs. In 2018, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) began implementing internationalized country code top-level domains, consisting of language-native characters when displayed in an end-user application. Creation and delegation of ccTLDs is described in RFC 1591, corresponding to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes. While gTLDs have to obey international regulations, ccTLDs are subjected to requirements that are determined by each country's domain name regulation corporation. With over 150 million domain name registrations as of 2022, ccTLDs make up about 40% of the total domain name industry. Country code extension applications began in 1985. The registered country code extensions in that year in ...
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Top-level Domain
A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domain name, domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the DNS root zone, root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last non-empty label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name example.com, www.example.com, the top-level domain is .com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the ICANN, an Internet multi-stakeholder community, which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone. History Originally, the top-level domain space was organized into three main groups: ''Countries'', ''Categories'', and ''Multiorganizations''. An additional ''temporary'' group consisted of only the initial DNS domain, .arpa, and was intended ...
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Trademark
A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a form of intellectual property that consists of a word, phrase, symbol, design, or a combination that identifies a Good (economics and accounting), product or Service (economics), service from a particular source and distinguishes it from others. Trademarks can also extend to non-traditional marks like drawings, symbols, 3D shapes like product designs or packaging, sounds, scents, or specific colours used to create a unique identity. For example, Pepsi® is a registered trademark associated with soft drinks, and the distinctive shape of the Coca-Cola® bottle is a registered trademark protecting Coca-Cola's packaging design. The primary function of a trademark is to identify the source of goods or services and prevent consumers from confusing them with those from other sources. Legal protection for trademarks is typically secured through registration with governmental agencies, such as the United States Patent and Trademark ...
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Internet Computer Bureau
Internet Computer Bureau Limited is an Internet top-level domain custodian based in the United Kingdom. The custodian is responsible for maintaining the .io, .sh, and .ac country code top-level domains. In 2017 it became a subsidiary of Afilias, a United States corporation. Afilias was later acquired by Identity Digital. The company was established on 18 July 1996 as Internet Computer Bureau plc, and became a private limited company on 16 December 2004. Embroiled in controversy around its involvement in registration of .io domains associated with the Diego Garcia Diego Garcia is the largest island of the Chagos Archipelago. It has been used as a joint UK–U.S. military base since the 1970s, following the expulsion of the Chagossians by the UK government. The Chagos Islands are set to become a former B ... military base following the expulsion of the Chagossian population, ICB was sold by Paul Kane to Afilias for $70 million in April 2017. References External li ...
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Domain Name Registry
A domain name registry is a database of all domain names and the associated registrant information in the top level domains of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet that enables third party entities to request administrative control of a domain name. Most registries operate on the top-level and second-level of the DNS. A registry operator, sometimes called a network information center (NIC), maintains all administrative data of the domain and generates a zone file which contains the addresses of the nameservers for each domain. Each registry is an organization that manages the registration of domain names within the domains for which it is responsible, controls the policies of domain name allocation, and technically operates its domain. It may also fulfill the function of a domain name registrar, or may delegate that function to other entities. Domain names are managed under a hierarchy headed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which manages the top of the ...
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