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-mastix
-mastix is a suffix derived from Ancient Greek, and used quite frequently in English literature of the 17th century, to denote a strong opponent or hater of whatever the suffix was attached to. It became common after Thomas Dekker's play ''Satiromastix'' of 1602. The word μάστιξ (''mastix'') translates as whip or scourge. A well-known example is the 1632 book ''Histriomastix'' by William Prynne, against theatre, which caused legal proceedings against him because of perceived allusion to Queen Henrietta Maria. The title itself was not novel, and occurred in a late Elizabethan play '' Histrio-Mastix'', subtitle ''The Player Whipped'', by John Marston. Scholars have noted that the ''-mastix'' suffix is associated with Marston. In a paper war of 1604–7 between Andrew Willet and Richard Parkes, part of the Descensus controversy, the formation of terms with -mastix as suffix was discussed, Willet having initially addressed Parkes in a pamphlet ''Limbo-mastix''. Parkes affe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uromastix
''Uromastyx'' is a genus of African and Asian agamid lizards, the member species of which are commonly called spiny-tailed lizards, uromastyces, mastigures, or dabb lizards. Lizards in the genus ''Uromastyx'' are primarily herbivorous, but occasionally eat insects and other small animals, especially young lizards. They spend most of their waking hours basking in the sun, hiding in underground chambers at daytime, or when danger appears. They tend to establish themselves in hilly, rocky areas with good shelter and accessible vegetation. Taxonomy The generic name (''Uromastyx'') is derived from the Ancient Greek words ''ourá'' (οὐρά) meaning "tail" and ''-mastix'' (μάστιξ) meaning "whip" or "scourge", after the thick-spiked tail characteristic of all ''Uromastyx'' species. Species The following species are in the genus ''Uromastyx''.. www.reptile-database.org. Three additional species were formerly placed in this genus, but have been moved to their own gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histriomastix (play)
''Histriomastix'' or ''The Player Whipped'' is a late Elizabethan play, written by the satirist John Marston and acted in 1599. It was previously thought that the play was likely acted by the Children of Paul's, one of the companies of boy actors active at the time; but more recent research suggests that ''Histriomastix'' was performed at the 1598–9 Christmas revels of the Middle Temple. (Plays acted at the Inns of Court could take an approach opposite to that of the professionals, maximizing rather than minimizing the number of roles to make room for enthusiastic amateurs. Without doubling, a production of ''Histriomastix'' could accommodate as many as 120 performers. The play's rich texture of legal humor also suggests an Inns of Court performance.) The play was entered into the Stationers' Register on 31 October 1610 and printed anonymously in the same year by George Eld for the publisher Thomas Thorpe. Marston's connection with the play is accepted unanimously, though schol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoilus
Zoilus ( el, Ζωΐλος ''Zoilos''; c. 400320 BC) was a Greek grammarian, Cynic philosopher, and literary critic from Amphipolis in Eastern Macedonia, then known as Thrace. He took the name Homeromastix (Ὁμηρομάστιξ "Homer whipper"; ''gen''.: Ὁμηρομάστιγος) later in life. Biography According to Vitruvius (vii., preface), Zoilus lived during the age of Ptolemy Philadelphus, by whom he was crucified as the punishment of his criticisms on the king; but this account should probably be rejected as a fiction based on Zoilus' reputation. Vitruvius goes on to state that Zoilus also may have been stoned at Chios or thrown alive upon a funeral pyre at Smyrna. Either way Vitruvius felt it was just as well since he deserved to be dead for slandering an author who could not defend himself. Zoilus appears to have been at one time a follower of Isocrates, but subsequently a pupil of Polycrates, whom he heard at Athens, where he was a teacher of rhetoric. Zoilus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Parkes (clergyman)
Richard Parkes (born 1559) was an English clergyman, known as a controversialist. Life He was a native of Lancashire, elected king's scholar of Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1574, and matriculated there on 20 December 1577. He graduated B.A. in 1578–79, and M.A. in 1585. He took holy orders when B.A., and, according to Anthony Wood, ‘became a goodly divine’ and a noted preacher. The ''Descensus'' controversy In 1604 he wrote against Andrew Willet. His purpose was to support the Augustinian view of the article of faith respecting Christ's descent into hell, against the Calvinistic view of the Puritans, who stood out against the growing popularity of Jacobus Arminius. At the suggestion of friends, Parkes wrote anonymously his ''Brief Answer to certain Objections against Christ's Descension into Hell, sent in writing by a Minister unto a Gentleman in the Country''. This was answered by Willet in his ''Limbomastix'', also published anonymously, in which his unknown opponent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Marston (playwright)
John Marston (baptised 7 October 1576 – 25 June 1634) was an English playwright, poet and satirist during the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean periods. His career as a writer lasted only a decade. His work is remembered for its energetic and often obscure style, its contributions to the development of a distinctively Jacobean style in poetry, and its idiosyncratic vocabulary. Life Marston was born to John and Maria Marston ''née'' Guarsi, and baptised 7 October 1576, at Wardington, Oxfordshire. His father was an eminent lawyer of the Middle Temple who first argued in London and then became the counsel to Coventry and ultimately its steward. John Marston entered Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1592 and received his BA in 1594. By 1595, he was in London, living in the Middle Temple, where he had been admitted a member three years previously. He had an interest in poetry and play writing, although his father's will of 1599 expresses the hope that he would give up such vaniti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whip
A whip is a tool or weapon designed to strike humans or other animals to exert control through pain compliance or fear of pain. They can also be used without inflicting pain, for audiovisual cues, such as in equestrianism. They are generally either a firm stick designed for direct contact, or a flexible line requiring a specialized swing. The former is easier and more precise, the latter offers longer reach and greater force. A hunting whip combines a firm stick (the stock or handle) with a flexible line (the lash or thong). Whips such as the "cat o' nine tails" and knout are specifically developed for flagellation as a means of inflicting corporal punishment or torture on human targets. Certain religious practices and BDSM activities involve the self-use of whips or the use of whips between consenting partners. Misuse on non-humans may be considered animal cruelty, and misuse on humans may be viewed as assault. Use Whips are generally used on animals to provide directiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histriomastix
''Histriomastix: The Player's Scourge, or Actor's Tragedy'' is a critique of professional theatre and actors, written by the Puritan author and controversialist William Prynne. Publication While the publishing history of the work is not absolutely clear, ''Histriomastix'' was published late in 1632 by the bookseller Michael Sparke. It had been in preparation by its author for almost ten years before its printing. The title page of the first edition is erroneously dated 1633; as a result many sources cite this as the date of publication. Depositions given in connection with Prynne's trial indicate that the actual writing of the text was accomplished between spring 1631 and mid-to-late 1632. Themes ''Histriomastix'' represents the culmination of the Puritan attack on the English Renaissance theatre and celebrations such as Christmas, as noted in the following: "Our Christmas lords of misrule, together with dancing, masks, mummeries, state players, and such other Christmas disorder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satiromastix
''Satiromastix, or The Untrussing of the Humorous Poet'' is a late Elizabethan stage play by Thomas Dekker, one of the plays involved in the Poetomachia or War of the Theatres. The play was entered into the Stationers' Register on 11 November 1601, and published in quarto in 1602, printed by Edward Allde for the bookseller Edward White. The title page of the quarto attributes authorship to Dekker, and states that the play was performed by both the Lord Chamberlain's Men and the Children of Paul's. Scholars agree that the figure of Horace in ''Satiromastix'' represents Ben Jonson. As George Kirkpatrick Hunter argues, "In ''Satiromastix'', Horace (Jonson) is represented as a social hanger-on and toady, desperate to establish himself as an independent moralist but fearful of being held responsible for his judgments. We know his writing is corrupt, not because it is bad writing but because he himself is dishonest; his verse is concocted to exploit social possibilities, though he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Beza
Theodore Beza ( la, Theodorus Beza; french: Théodore de Bèze or ''de Besze''; June 24, 1519 – October 13, 1605) was a French Calvinist Protestant theologian, reformer and scholar who played an important role in the Protestant Reformation. He was a disciple of John Calvin and lived most of his life in Geneva. Beza succeeded Calvin as a spiritual leader of the Republic of Geneva, which was originally founded by John Calvin himself. Biography Early life Theodore Beza was born at Vézelay, in Burgundy, France. His father, Pierre de Beze, royal governor of Vézelay, descended from a Burgundian family of distinction; his mother, Marie Bourdelot, was known for her generosity. Beza's father had two brothers; Nicholas, who was member of Parliament at Paris; and Claude, who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Froimont in the diocese of Beauvais. Nicholas, who was unmarried, during a visit to Vézelay was so pleased with Theodore that, with the permission of his parents, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Antique
Late antiquity is the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, generally spanning the 3rd–7th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin. The popularization of this periodization in English has generally been credited to historian Peter Brown, after the publication of his seminal work '' The World of Late Antiquity'' (1971). Precise boundaries for the period are a continuing matter of debate, but Brown proposes a period between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Generally, it can be thought of as from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century (235–284) to the early Muslim conquests (622–750), or as roughly contemporary with the Sasanian Empire (224–651). In the West its end was earlier, with the start of the Early Middle Ages typically placed in the 6th century, or earlier on the edges of the Western Roman Empire. The Roman Empire underwent considerable social, cultural and organizational changes starting with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Reuchlin
Johann Reuchlin (; sometimes called Johannes; 29 January 1455 – 30 June 1522) was a German Catholic humanist and a scholar of Greek and Hebrew, whose work also took him to modern-day Austria, Switzerland, and Italy and France. Most of Reuchlin's career centered on advancing German knowledge of Greek and Hebrew. Early life Johann Reuchlin was born at Pforzheim in the Black Forest in 1455, where his father was an official of the Dominican monastery. According to the fashion of the time, his name was graecized by his Italian friends into Capnion (Καπνίων), a nickname which Reuchlin used as a sort of transparent mask when he introduced himself as an interlocutor in the ''De Verbo Mirifico''. He remained fond of his home town; he constantly calls himself Phorcensis, and in the ''De Verbo'' he ascribes to Pforzheim his inclination towards literature. Here he began his Latin studies in the monastery school, and, though in 1470 he was for a short time at Freiburg, that univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Budé
Guillaume Budé (; Latinized as Guilielmus Budaeus; 1468 – 1540) was a French scholar and humanist. He was involved in the founding of Collegium Trilingue, which later became the Collège de France. Budé was also the first keeper of the royal library at the Palace of Fontainebleau, which was later moved to Paris, where it became the Bibliothèque nationale de France. He was an ambassador to Rome and held several important judicial and civil administrative posts. Life Budé was born in Paris. He went to the University of Orléans to study law, but for several years, having ample means, he led an idle and dissipated life. When about twenty-four years of age, he was seized with a sudden passion for study, and made rapid progress, particularly in Latin and Ancient Greek. The work which gained him greatest reputation was his ''De Asse et Partibus Eius'' (1514), a treatise on ancient coins and measures. He was held in high esteem by Francis I, who was persuaded by him, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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