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(S)-cheilanthifoline
(''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) which has been isolated from '' Corydalis dubia'' and ''Argemone mexicana''. (''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is metabolically derived from (''S'')-reticuline, a pivotal intermediate in the biosynthesis of numerous BIAs. (''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is the immediate precursor of the BIA (''S'')-stylopine ( (''S'')-stylopine synthase/CYP719A20), which is the precursor for the alkaloids protopine and sanguinarine Sanguinarine is a polycyclic quaternary alkaloid. It is extracted from some plants, including the bloodroot plant, from whose taxonomic name, ''Sanguinaria canadensis,'' its name is drawn; the Mexican prickly poppy (''Argemone mexicana''); ''Cheli .... References Benzodioxoles Quinolizidines Heterocyclic compounds with 5 rings Methoxy compounds {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
(S)-stylopine Synthase
In enzymology, a (S)-stylopine synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(S)-cheilanthifoline + NADPH + H + O \rightleftharpoons (S)-stylopine + NADP + 2 HO The 4 substrates of this enzyme are (S)-cheilanthifoline, NADPH, H, and O, whereas its 3 products are (S)-stylopine, NADP, and HO. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is (S)-cheilanthifoline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming). This enzyme is also calle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protopine
Protopine is an alkaloid occurring in opium poppy, ''Corydalis'' tubers and other plants of the family papaveraceae, like ''Fumaria officinalis''. Protopine is metabolically derived from the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid ''(S)''-Reticuline through a progressive series of five enzymatic transformations: 1) berberine bridge enzyme to ''(S)''-Scoulerine; 2) ''(S)-''cheilanthifoline synthase/CYP719A25 to ''(S)-''Cheilanthifoline; 3) ''(S)-''stylopine synthase/CYP719A20 to ''(S)''-Stylopine; 4) ''(S)''-tetrahydroprotoberberine ''N''-methyltransferase to ''(S)''-''cis''-''N''-Methylstylopine; and ultimately, 5) ''N''-methylstylopine hydroxylase to protopine. It has been found to inhibit histamine H1 receptors and platelet aggregation, and acts as an analgesic. See also * Protopine 6-monooxygenase * Cryptopine Cryptopine is an opium alkaloid. It is found in plants in the family Papaveraceae, including ''Argemone mexicana''. See also * Protopine * Allocryptopine References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheilanthifoline
(''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) which has been isolated from '' Corydalis dubia'' and '' Argemone mexicana''. (''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is metabolically derived from (''S'')-reticuline Reticuline is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including ''Lindera aggregata'', ''Annona squamosa'', and '' Ocotea fasciculata'' (also known as ''Ocotea duckei''). It is based on the benzylisoquinoline structure. Reticuline is o ..., a pivotal intermediate in the biosynthesis of numerous BIAs. (''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is the immediate precursor of the BIA (''S'')-stylopine ( (''S'')-stylopine synthase/CYP719A20), which is the precursor for the alkaloids protopine and sanguinarine. References Benzodioxoles Quinolizidines Heterocyclic compounds with 5 rings Methoxy compounds {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheilanthifoline 3D
(''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) which has been isolated from '' Corydalis dubia'' and '' Argemone mexicana''. (''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is metabolically derived from (''S'')- reticuline, a pivotal intermediate in the biosynthesis of numerous BIAs. (''S'')-Cheilanthifoline is the immediate precursor of the BIA (''S'')-stylopine ( (''S'')-stylopine synthase/CYP719A20), which is the precursor for the alkaloids protopine and sanguinarine. References Benzodioxoles Quinolizidines Heterocyclic compounds with 5 rings Methoxy compounds {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid
Substitution of the heterocycle isoquinoline at the C1 position by a benzyl group provides 1‑benzylisoquinoline, the most widely examined of the numerous benzylisoquinoline structural isomers. The 1-benzylisoquinoline moiety can be identified within numerous compounds of pharmaceutical interest, such as moxaverine; but most notably it is found within the structures of a wide variety of plant natural products, collectively referred to as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This class is exemplified in part by the following compounds: papaverine, noscapine, codeine, morphine, apomorphine, berberine, tubocurarine. Biosynthesis (''S'')-Norcoclaurine ( higenamine) has been identified as the central 1-benzyl-tetrahydro-isoquinoline precursor from which numerous complex biosynthetic pathways eventually emerge. These pathways collectively lead to the structurally disparate compounds comprising the broad classification of plant natural products referred to as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corydalis Dubia
''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' " crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical eastern Africa. They are most diverse in China and the Himalayas, with at least 357 species in China. Ecology ''Corydalis'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species (butterflies), especially the clouded Apollo. Toxicity ''Corydalis cava'' and some other tuberous species contain the alkaloid bulbocapnine, which is occasionally used in medicine but scientific evidence is lacking in the correct dosages and side effects. Many of the species in ''Corydalis'' contain other toxins and alkaloids like canadine, which blocks calcium. The species ''C. caseana'' is poisonous to livestock. Taxonomy Current species There are about 470 species, including: * ''Corydalis ambigua'' * ''Corydalis aurea'' * ''Coryda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argemone Mexicana
''Argemone mexicana'' (Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. An extremely hardy pioneer plant, it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. It has bright yellow latex. It is poisonous to grazing animals, and it is rarely eaten, but it has been used medicinally by many peoples, including those in its native area, as well as the Natives of the western US, parts of Mexico and many parts of India. In India, during the colorful festival Holika Dahan, adults and children worship by offering flowers, and this species is in its maximum flowering phase during March when the Holi festival is celebrated. It is also referred to as "kateli ka phool” in India. Chemical constituents ''Argemone mexicana'' seeds contain 22–36% of a pale yellow non-edible oil, called ''argemone oil'' or ''katkar oil'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reticuline
Reticuline is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including ''Lindera aggregata'', ''Annona squamosa'', and '' Ocotea fasciculata'' (also known as ''Ocotea duckei''). It is based on the benzylisoquinoline structure. Reticuline is one of the alkaloids found in opium, and experiments in rodents suggest it possesses potent central nervous system depressing effects. It is the precursor of morphine and many other alkaloids. It is also toxic to dopaminergic neurons causing a form of atypical parkinsonism known as Guadeloupean Parkinsonism. Metabolism 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase uses ''S''-adenosyl methionine and 3'-hydroxy-''N''-methyl-(''S'')- coclaurine to produce ''S''-adenosylhomocysteine and (''S'')-reticuline. Reticuline oxidase uses (''S'')-reticuline and O2 to produce (''S'')-scoulerine and H2O2. Salutaridine synthase uses (''R'')-reticuline, NADPH, H+, and O2 to produce salutaridine, NADP+, and H2O. Salutaridine can then be t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrahydrocoptisine
Tetrahydrocoptisine (also known as stylopine) is an alkaloid isolated from ''Corydalis impatiens ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical easte ...''. References {{reflist 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-(1,3)dioxolo(4,5-g)isoquinolines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanguinarine
Sanguinarine is a polycyclic quaternary alkaloid. It is extracted from some plants, including the bloodroot plant, from whose taxonomic name, ''Sanguinaria canadensis,'' its name is drawn; the Mexican prickly poppy (''Argemone mexicana''); ''Chelidonium majus;'' and '' Macleaya cordata.'' Toxicity Sanguinarine is a toxin that kills animal cells through its action on the Na+/K+-ATPase transmembrane protein. Epidemic dropsy is a disease that results from ingesting sanguinarine. If applied to the skin, sanguinarine may cause a massive scab of dead flesh where it killed the cells where it was applied, called an ''eschar''. For this reason, sanguinarine is termed an escharotic. It is said to be 2.5 times more toxic than dihydrosanguinarine. Alternative medicine Native Americans once used sanguinarine in the form of bloodroot as a medical remedy, believing it had curative properties as an emetic, respiratory aid, and for a variety of ailments. In Colonial America, sanguinarine fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
