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Tonkin campaign

BelligerentsFranceVietnamBlack Flag Army (until 1885)China (until 1885)Strength 42,000 soldiers by September 1885 10,000 Vietnamese soldiers3,000 Black Flag soldiers50,000 Chinese soldiersCasualties and losses 4,222 killed or wounded At least 10,000 killedThe Tonkin campaign was an armed conflict fought between June 1883 and April 1886 by the French against, variously, the Vietnamese, Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army and the Chinese Guangxi and Yunnan armies to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a French protectorate there.

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