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Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war

BelligerentsSyrian governmentBa'ath PartySyrian Arab Armed ForcesPeople's ArmyBa'ath BrigadesSyrian PoliceShabihaPopular CommitteesMilitary Intelligence DirectorateAir Force Intelligence DirectorateGeneral Intelligence DirectorateSyrian oppositionAl-Nusra FrontFree Syrian ArmyLiwa al-IslamAhrar al-ShamSyrian Martyrs' BrigadesIdlib Military CouncilSuqour al-Sham BrigadesNour al-Din al-Zenki Movement Other rebel groupsCommanders and leadersBashar al-Assad(President of Syria)Maher al-Assad(4th Division Commander)Dawoud Rajiha(Defense Minister)Fahd Jassem al-Freij(Chief of the General Staff)Assef Shawkat(Deputy Defense Minister)Ali Abdullah Ayyoub(Deputy Chief of Staff)Issam Hallaq(Chief of Air Force Staff)Rafiq Shahadah(Military Intelligence head)Jamil Hassan(Air Force Intelligence head)Mohammad al-Shaar(Interior Minister)Walid Muallem(Foreign Minister)Mohammed Dib Zaitoun(General Intelligence head)Abu Mohammad al-Julani(Al-Nusra Front commander)Riad al-Asaad(Free Syrian Army commander)Zahran Alloush(Liwa al-Islam commander)Hassan Aboud(Ahrar al-Sham commander)Jamal Maarouf(Syrian Martyrs' Brigade commander)Afif Suleiman (Idlib Military Council commander) Ahmed Issa al-Sheikh(Suqour al-Sham Brigades commander) Sheikh Tawfiq Shahabuddin(Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement commander)Strength Syrian Army: ~60,000Security agencies and affiliated paramilitaries: ~200,000Ba'ath Party militias: tens of thousandsShabiha: 5,000–10,000 60,000 fighters(Rebel claim)Casualties and losses Syrian security forces:3,770 (opposition sources)–3,857 (government sources: 15 March 2011–21 June 2012) soldiers and policemen killed Syrian rebels:2,980–3,235 fighters killedCivilian casualties (including 1,800–2,154 civilians killed during civil uprising): 10,414–10,669 killed overall (government claim)15,200–16,163 killed overall (opposition claims)35,000 wounded overall(see Deaths below for other estimates on killed)240,000 displaced (including 180,000 refugees)The early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war lasted from late July 2011 to April 2012, and was associated with the rise of armed opposition militias across Syria and the beginning of armed revolution against the Syrian Ba'athist regime ruled by president Bashar al-Assad.

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