Topic summary
Exact science
Extracted from the Wikipedia article Exact sciences.
References
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- ^ 108, Bibcode:1993Isis...84..103P, doi:10.1086/356376, JSTOR 235556, S2CID 144588820,
[M]any of the exact sciences... between Claudius Ptolemy and Tycho Brahe were in a common register, whether studied in the diverse parts of the Islamic world, in India, in Christian Europe, in China, or apparently in Mesoamerica.
- ^ 47. ISBN .
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- ^ 43, ISBN ,
In addition to the exclusion of medicine from natural philosophy, Aristotle also excludes the mathematical, or exact, sciences which he characterizes as "the more natural of the branches of mathematics, such as optics, harmonics and astronomy." ...the exact sciences [for Aristotle] belong neither wholly to natural philosophy nor to mathematics but are relevant to both. Because they were viewed as lying between the two disciplines, the exact sciences came to be known as middle sciences (scientae mediae) during the Middle Ages.
- ^ . Ecumene. 1 (4): 365. Bibcode:1994CuGeo...1..363C. doi:10.1177/147447409400100404. JSTOR 44251730.
- ^ 2016,
For the astronomer and the physicist both may prove the same conclusion: that the earth, for instance, is round: the astronomer by means of mathematics (i.e. abstracting from matter), but the physicist by means of matter itself.
- ^ 305, ISBN
- ^ 313, ISBN