Zhang Binglin

Zhang Binglin (January 12, 1869 – June 14, 1936), also known by his art nameZhang Taiyan, was a Chinese philologist, textual critic, philosopher, and revolutionary.

His philological works include Chinese: 文始; pinyin: Wen Shi; trans. "The Origin of Writing", the first systematic work of Chinese etymology. He also made contributions to historical Chinese phonology, proposing that "the niang (娘) and ri (日) initials [in Middle Chinese] come from the ni (泥) initial [in Old Chinese]' (known as niang ri gui ni 娘日歸泥). He developed a system of shorthand based on the seal script, called jiyin zimu (記音字母), later adopted as the basis of zhuyin. Though innovative in many ways, he was skeptical of new archaeological findings, regarding the oracle bones as forgery.

An activist as well as a scholar, he produced many political works. Because of his outspoken character, he was jailed for three years by the Qing Empire and put under house arrest for another three by Yuan Shikai.