Western Turkic Khaganate

The Western Turkic Khaganate (Chinese: 西突厥; pinyin: Xī Tūjué) or Onoq Khaganate (Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: On oq budun, lit.'Ten arrow people') was a Turkic khaganate in Eurasia, which formed as a result of the wars during the beginning of the 7th century (593–603) after the First Turkic Khaganate, which was founded in the 6th century on the Mongolian Plateau by the Ashina clan, split into a western and eastern khaganate.

The confederation as a whole was called Onoq, meaning "ten arrows". According to a Chinese source, the Western Turks were organised into ten divisions.

The khaganate's capitals were Navekat, the summer capital and Suyab, which was the principal capital, both situated in the Chui River valley in Kyrgyzstan, to the east of Bishkek. Tong Yabgu's summer capital was near Tashkent and his winter capital Suyab.

The Western Turkic Khaganate was subjugated by the Tang dynasty in 657 and the Western Turkic tribes were split up under two puppet rulers, Ashina Buzhen and Ashina Mishe. Mishe was killed by Buzhen in 662 and Buzhen was killed in 666. The Tang tried to install their sons, Ashina Huseluo and Ashina Yuanqing as successors in 685, but they failed to maintain control over their territory and fled back to the Tang by 690. In the west, the breakup of the Western Turkic Khaganate led to the rise of the Turkic Khazar Khaganate (c. 650–969).