Topic summary
Venezuelan War of Independence
Patriots1810:
Caracas Junta1811–1816:
Venezuela
New Granada1816–1819:
Venezuela
Haiti1819–1823:
Gran ColombiaSimón Bolívar
(Commander-in-Chief)
Cristóbal Mendoza
Francisco Espejo- Francisco de Miranda
- José Páez
- Antonio de Sucre
- José Ribas
- Manuel Piar
- Rafael Urdaneta
- Carlos Soublette
- Santiago Mariño
- José Bermúdez
- Juan Arismendi
- José Anzoátegui
- Jacinto Lara
- José Monagas
- Ambrosio Plaza†
- Manuel Cedeño†
- Francisco Gómez
- Luis Brión
- Gregor MacGregor
- Daniel
O'Leary
Atanasio Girardot†- José Padilla
Ferdinand VII
(King of Spain from 1813)
The Venezuelan War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de Venezuela, 1810–1823) was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in South America fought a civil war for secession and against unity of the Spanish Empire, emboldened by Spain's troubles in the Napoleonic Wars.
The establishment of the Supreme Caracas Junta following the forced deposition of Vicente Emparan as Captain General of the Captaincy General of Venezuela on 19 April 1810, marked the beginnings of the war. On 5 July 1811, seven of the ten provinces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela declared their independence in the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence. The First Republic of Venezuela was lost in 1812 following the 1812 Caracas earthquake and the 1812 Battle of La Victoria. Simón Bolívar led an "Admirable Campaign" to retake Venezuela, establishing the Second Republic of Venezuela in 1813; but this too did not last, falling to a combination of a local uprising and Spanish royalist reconquest. Only as part of Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada in 1819-20 did Venezuela achieve a lasting independence from Spain (initially as part of Gran Colombia).
On 17 December 1819, the Congress of Angostura declared Gran Colombia an independent country. After two more years of war, the country achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simón Bolívar. Venezuela, along with the present-day countries of Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, formed part of the Republic of Gran Colombia until 1830, when Venezuela separated and became a sovereign state.