Torwali language

Torwali (توروالی), also known as Bahrain Kohistani, is an Indo-Aryan language of Kohistani group spoken by the Torwali people in the upper Swat Valley of northern Pakistan. It is most closely related to the Gawri language of Swat and Panjkora valleys.

It has been proposed to be the closest modern Indo-Aryan language still spoken today to Niya dialect of Gāndhārī, a Middle Indo-Aryan language spoken in the ancient region of Gandhara. Torwali is an endangered language; it is characterised as "vulnerable" by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages. There have been efforts to revitalise the language since 2004, and mother tongue community schools have been established by Idara Baraye Taleem wa Taraqi (Institute for Education and Development) (IBT).