Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt

Ancient Egyptian dynasty The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from around 1802 BC until around 1649 BC, around 153 years. It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties 11, 12, and 14), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties 14 through 17). The 13th Dynasty initially ruled from the Nile Delta to the second cataract of the Nile. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with the Canaanite Dynasty 14 rising concurrently and the Hyksos Dynasty 15 taking control shortly after. Amenemhat Sobekhotep I is usually considered the 13th Dynasty's first king, and Ay I, while not the final king, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of Itjtawy, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign. Chronology and rulers Egyptologist Kim Ryholt (1997:190) argues that the 13th Dynasty lasted from 1803-1649 BC, lasting around 154 years. According to Ryholt, the 13th Dynasty had some continuity with the preceding 12th Dynasty. With the first king, Sobekhotep I, being the son of a certain Amenemhat, Ryholt proposes Am