Stick zither

Man playing a heterochord musical bow, using his mouth for a resonator. Heterochords have strings made of a different material than the rigid part of the bow.

Flanders, 16th century. European heterochord musical bow, using a bladder for a resonator. Bladder fiddle.

Mozambique, 21st century. Man playing a heterochord musical bow, using his mouth for a resonator.

Brazil. Berimbau musical bow with gourd resonator. Tapped with stick to play. String also vibrates caxixi wrattle.

Burundi. Umuduri musical bow.

India, 19th century. Heterochord stick zither called a Tingadee, using gourds for resonators.

Cambodia, 21st century. Yoeun Mek plays a Kse diev heterochord stick zither, which uses a gourd for a resonator.

Borobudur, 9th century C.E. Stone relief showing girls playing stick zither and lute.

Belgium, 19th century. Heterochord stick zither using a bladder for a resonator.

Banjul, Gambia. Heterochord stick zither using a tin can for a resonator. Called a cora.

Indonesia, 20th century. Heterchord stick zither, using a gourd resonator. Example of a vertical board being use instead of a bar, called a lath-zither. Still considered bar zither.

Belgian Congo 20th century. Stick zither, gourd resonator, heterochord.

Africa. Mvet, a stick zither from Africa. Hornbostel-Sachs didn't consider a mulitiple-string bar zither (or poly-heterochord bar zither).

Lake Arereco in Chihuahua, Mexico, 21st century. Stick zither called a "chapareque", Native American instrument. Heterochord bar zither, using mouth for resonator.

Vietnam. Goong stick zither

Tanzania. Zeze, a bowed stick zither played here by Gogo musicians

Rudra vina has frets.

Indian Vichitra veena has no frets.

Bangladesh, 10th - 12th century C.E. Saraswati with an ālāpiṇī vīṇā. This was a one-string tube zither or stick zither form of the veena, possibly related to the modern rudra veena.

India, 1807. Pinak, a bowed. stick zither.

India. An Onavillu or Villu percussion bow