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Topic summary

Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate
Names IUPAC name
sodium hydrogen carbonate
Other names
Baking soda, bicarb (colloquial), bicarbonate of soda, nahcolite, natrium hydrogen carbonate, natron
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
4153970 ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard100.005.122EC Number
  • 205-633-8
E numberE500(ii) (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG
MeSHSodium+bicarbonate
RTECS number
  • VZ0950000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
    Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
  • InChI=1/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
    Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-REWHXWOFAQ
  • [Na+].OC([O-])=O
Properties NaHCO
3Molar mass84.006 g·mol Appearance White crystals OdorOdorless Density
  • 2.20 g/cm
Melting point(Decomposes to sodium carbonate starting at 50 °C)
  • 69 g/L (0 °C)
  • 96 g/L (20 °C)
  • 165 g/L (60 °C)
Solubility0.02 wt% acetone, 2.13 wt% methanol @22 °C., insoluble in ethanollog P−0.82 Acidity (pKa)
  • 6.34
  • 6.351 (carbonic acid)
nα = 1.377 nβ = 1.501 nγ = 1.583 Structure Monoclinic Thermochemistry 87.6 J/mol K 101.7 J/mol K −950.8 kJ/mol −851.0 kJ/mol Pharmacology B05CB04 (WHO) B05XA02 (WHO), QG04BQ01 (WHO) Intravenous, oral Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Causes serious eye irritation NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
2
0
1
Flash pointIncombustible Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 4220 mg/kg (rat, oral) Safety data sheet (SDS) External MSDSRelated compounds
Other anions
Sodium carbonate
Other cations
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, or saleratus, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of a sodiumcation (Na) and a bicarbonateanion (HCO3).

Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate ("washing soda"). The natural mineral form is nahcolite, although it is more commonly found as a component of the mineral trona.

Sodium bicarbonate has many different names, including as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, brewing soda, and bicarbonate of soda. It can often be found near baking powder in grocery aisles.

The term baking soda is most common in the United States, while bicarbonate of soda is more common in Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand.

The prefix bi- in "bicarbonate" comes from an outdated naming system predating molecular knowledge. It is based on the observation that there is twice as much carbonate (CO3) per sodium in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as there is in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The modern chemical formulas of these compounds now express their precise chemical compositions which were unknown when the name bi-carbonate of potash was coined (see also: bicarbonate).

Wikipedia source