Second Czechoslovak Republic

The Second Czechoslovak Republic (Czech and Slovak: Druhá Česko-Slovenská republika), officially the Czecho-Slovak Republic (Czech and Slovak: Česko-Slovenská republika), was a country that existed for 169 days, between 30 September 1938 and 15 March 1939, initially as a de jureunitary state that functioned as a de factofederal state before reorganizing as an asymmetrical federation in November 1938. As a federal state, it was composed of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and the autonomous regions of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus', the latter being renamed Carpathian Ukraine on 30 December 1938.

The Second Republic was the result of the events following the Munich Agreement, where the First Republic was forced to cede the German-populated Sudetenland region to Germany on 1 October 1938. After the Munich Agreement and the German government made clear to foreign diplomats that Czechoslovakia was now a German client state, the Czechoslovak government attempted to curry favour with Germany by banning the country's Communist Party, suspending all Jewish teachers in German educational institutes in Czechoslovakia, and enacted a law to allow the state to take over Jewish companies. In addition, the government allowed the country's banks to effectively come under German–Czechoslovak control. On 2 November, by the First Vienna Award, the southern parts of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia were ceded to Hungary.

The Second Republic was dissolved when Germany invaded it on 15 March 1939, and annexed the Czech region into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. On the same day as the German occupation, the President of Czechoslovakia, Emil Hácha, was appointed by the German government as the State President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a position he held throughout the war.