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Topic summary

Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

Related topics
Belligerents
Romania
Serbia
Montenegro
Greece
Greek rebels
Serbian rebels
Commanders and leaders
Strength
  • Russia:
    Initial: 185,000 in the Army of the Danube, 75,000 in the Caucasian Army
    Total: 260,000 in four corps
    Romania:
    Around 114,000
    Greece:
    Around 25,000
Ottoman Empire:
Initial: 70,000 in the Caucasus
Total: 281,000
Spring of 1877
Olender: 490,000–530,000
Barry: 378,000Casualties and losses
Total: 96,733–111,166 dead
  • Russia
    • 15,567–30,000 killed
    • 81,166 died of disease
    • 56,652 wounded
    • 1,713 died from wounds
  • Romania
    • 4,302 killed and missing
    • 3,316 wounded
    • 19,904 sick
  • Bulgarian Legion
    • 2,456 killed and wounded
    • Several thousand total military deaths (mostly disease)
  • Serbia and Montenegro
    • 2,400 dead and wounded
  • Greece
    • Unknown dead and wounded
Total: 90,000–120,000 dead
  • Ottoman Empire
  • 30,000 killed
  • 60,000–90,000 died from wounds and diseases
  • 110,000 captured
500,000–1.5 million Muslim and Jewish civilians displaced

The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire which included Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Precipitating factors included the Russian goals of recovering territorial losses endured during the Crimean War of 1853–1856, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and supporting the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire.

The Russian-led coalition won the war, pushing the Ottomans back all the way to the gates of Constantinople, leading to the intervention of the Western European great powers. As a result, Russia succeeded in claiming provinces in the Caucasus, namely Kars and Batum, and also annexed the Budjak region. The principalities of Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro, each of which had had de facto sovereignty for some years, formally proclaimed independence from the Ottoman Empire. After almost five centuries of Ottoman domination (1396–1878), Bulgaria emerged as an autonomous state with support and military intervention from Russia. Moreover, Greece annexed parts of Thessaly and Arta.

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