Rudolph Rummel

References

1. ^ 2021 – via Hawaii Newspaper Obituaries.
2. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaii System.
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4. ^ 2021.
5. ^ 119. doi:10.2307/206491. JSTOR 206491.
6. ^ 201. doi:10.1177/002200940103600110. JSTOR 261138. S2CID 49573923.
7. ^ 34. JSTOR 40260182 2021 – via Wilson Quarterly Archives.
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10. ^ . Stockholm, Sweden: Forum for Living History. pp. 35, 79. ISBN  2021 – via Forum för levande historia. While Jerry Hough suggested Stalin's terror claimed tens of thousands of victims, R.J. Rummel puts the death toll of Soviet communist terror between 1917 and 1987 at 61,911,000. In both cases, these figures are based on an ideological preunderstanding and speculative and sweeping calculations. On the other hand, the considerably lower figures in terms of numbers of Gulag prisoners presented by Russian researchers during the glasnost period have been relatively widely accepted. ... It could, quite rightly, be claimed that the opinions that Rummel presents here (they are hardly an example of a serious and empirically-based writing of history) do not deserve to be mentioned in a research review, but they are still perhaps worth bringing up on the basis of the interest in him in the blogosphere.
11. ^ . In Gleditsch, Nils Petter (ed.). R.J. Rummel: An Assessment of His Many Contributions. SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice. Vol. 37. New York City, New York: Springer. pp. 111–129. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54463-2_12. ISBN  2021.
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15. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaii System.
16. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaii System.
17. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaiʻi System.
18. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaiʻi System.
19. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaiʻi System.
20. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaiʻi System.
21. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaiʻi System.
22. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at University of Hawaiʻi System.
23. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at University of Hawaiʻi System.
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25. ^ 40. doi:10.4324/9781351294089-2. ISBN  2021 – via Taylor & Francis.
26. ^ 13. doi:10.1177/0022343309342944. ISSN 0022-3433. JSTOR 25654524. S2CID 145155872. Disagreeing with Rummel's finding that authoritarian and totalitarian government explains mass murder, Valentino (2004) argues that regime type does not matter; to Valentino the crucial thing is the motive for mass killing (Valentino, 2004: 70). He divides motive into the two categories of dispossessive mass killing (as in ethnic cleansing, colonial enlargement, or collectivization of agriculture) and coercive mass killing (as in counter-guerrilla, terrorist, and Axis imperialist conquests).
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28. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaii System.
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32. ^ 2021 – via University of Hawaii System.
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34. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaii System.
35. ^ 2021.
36. ^ 2021.
37. ^ 2021 – via University of Hawaii System.
38. ^ 16. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54463-2_1. ISBN .
39. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaii SystemSee also Cook on Stannard, p. 12. Rummel's quote and estimate from his Freedom, Democide, War website are about midway down the page after footnote 82. "Even if these figures are remotely true, then this still make this subjugation of the Americas one of the bloodier, centuries long, democides in world history."{{}}: CS1 maint: postscript ()
40. ^ 2021 – via University of Hawaii SystemIn the Fostering Democracy section, Rummel writes: 'I am opposed to invading a country to democratize it.'{{}}: CS1 maint: postscript ()
41. ^ 71. doi:10.1177/0022002783027001002. S2CID 145801545.
42. ^ 462. doi:10.2307/421949. ISSN 0010-4159. JSTOR 421949.
43. ^ 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaii System.
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46. ^ 68. JSTOR 20753317 2021 – via Freedom, Democide, War at the University of Hawaii System.
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55. ^ 2021 – via University of Hawaiʻi System.
56. ^ . In Gleditish, N. P. (ed.). R.J. Rummel: An Assessment of His Many Contributions. SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice. Vol. 37. New York City, New York: Springer. pp. 111–129. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54463-2_12. ISBN  2021. A larger theoretical question it raises is why do some totalitarian and authoritarian regimes commit megamurders while others do not? Saudi Arabia, for example, is one of the most authoritarian states in the contemporary world, yet state executions only number in the hundreds. Uzbekistan is a similar example. And on the democratic side, Sri Lanka is one clear case of a democratic regime that in 1989–90 authorized military squads to track down and summarily execute members and suspected supporters of the JVP (Peoples Liberation Party), which had begun its second rebellion that threatened to overthrow the state. Between 13,000 and 30,000 were killed in this politicide—not a megamurder, of course, but a challenge to Rudy's basic argument.
57. ^ 2021 – via ResearchGate. See also the PDF version.{{}}: External link in |postscript= ()CS1 maint: postscript ()
58. ^ 376. doi:10.1177/0022343392029004001. ISSN 0022-3433. JSTOR 425538. S2CID 110790206. Quotations are from Gleditsch's Democracy and Peace (1995), a paper that warmly defends the existence of democratic peace, and asserts that it, and the difficulty distant states have in waging war against each other, fully account for the phenomena.{{}}: CS1 maint: postscript ()
59. ^ 341. doi:10.1177/0022002792036002005. JSTOR 174478. S2CID 144107474.
60. ^ . American Political Science Review. 95 (3). Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association: 633–647. doi:10.1017/S0003055401003148. JSTOR 3118238. S2CID 146346368. Archived from the original(PDF) on February 13, 2005 2021 – via Duke University.
61. ^ 2021.
62. ^ . The 5th Pan-European International Relations. Archived from the original(PDF) on June 25, 2006 2021 – via ECPR Standing Group on International Relations.
63. ^ . Foreign Affairs. 84 (6). New York City, New York: Council on Foreign Relations: 122–127. doi:10.2307/20031781. JSTOR 20031781. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021 2021. See full article at Foreign Affairs.{{}}: External link in |postscript= ()CS1 maint: postscript ()
64. ^ . Journal of Peace Research. 52 (4). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications: 435–447. doi:10.1177/0022343314552808. S2CID 108804763 2021 – via New York University.
65. ^ 235. ISSN 1088-4963. JSTOR 2265298.
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78. ^ 2021 – via University of Hawaii System.
79. ^ 2021 – via University of Hawaii System.