Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell

Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell (Irish: RudhraigheÓ Domhnaill; 1575 – 18 July [N.S. 28 July] 1608), was an Irish earl and soldier.

A member of the O'Donnell clan of Tyrconnell, he fought alongside his older brother Hugh Roe O'Donnell during the Nine Years' War against the Tudorgovernment. Following Hugh Roe's death, Rory surrendered to royal forces and in September 1603 was created 1st Earl of Tyrconnell. Rory was his brother's tanist but his claim to the chieftainship was disputed by his cousin Niall Garbh O'Donnell.

In 1607, Tyrconnell and his wartime ally Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, fled Ireland for mainland Europe in what is known as the Flight of the Earls. Tyrconnell died of a fever shortly after settling in Rome. After his death, his lands were requisitioned as part of the Plantation of Ulster. His son Hugh Albert O'Donnell succeeded him as 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell.