Roman Syria

Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BCE by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of the King of Armenia, Tigranes the Great, who had become the protector of the Seleucid Empire. The last few centuries of Roman Syria, before the region's incorporation into the Rashidun Caliphate, are called Late antique Syria.

Following the partition of the Herodian kingdom into the Tetrarchy in 4 BCE, it was gradually absorbed into Roman provinces, with Roman Syria annexing the northern tetrarch's territory: Iturea and Trachonitis. By the late 2nd century, the province was divided into Coele Syria and Syria Phoenice.