Ring-tailed lemur vocalizations

Adult vocalizing The ring-tailed lemur has a complex array of distinct vocalizations used to maintain group cohesion during foraging and alert group members to the presence of a predator. The tables below detail calls documented in the wild and studied at the Duke Lemur Center. Adult Affiliative Vocalizations Call Vocalizers Inferred Function Moan sample 1ⓘ sample 2ⓘ All except infants <14 weeks Promotes group cohesion in low-to-moderate arousal contexts Early-High Wail sample 1ⓘ sample 2ⓘ All except infants <6–8 weeks Promotes group cohesion; indicates moderate-to-high level arousal level of caller Late-High Wail sample 1ⓘ sample 2ⓘ sample 3ⓘ Non-infant females (typically), males (rarely) May promote group cohesion under conditions of extreme arousal Howl sample 1ⓘ sample 2ⓘ Non-infant males Male advertisement call; together with female counter-calling, howls advertise the presence and location of the group Hmm sample 1ⓘ sample 2ⓘ All except infants <5 weeks Indicates that slow group relocation is imminent and promotes group cohesion, or reflects a caller's desire to maintain conspecific contact Huh sample 1ⓘ sample 2ⓘ Infants >3 months (most frequent);