Reduced properties

State variables for near-critical fluids In thermodynamics, the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables scaled by the fluid's state properties at its critical point. These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor, provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of corresponding states. Reduced properties are also used to define the Peng–Robinson equation of state, a model designed to provide reasonable accuracy near the critical point. They are also used to critical exponents, which describe the behaviour of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions. Reduced pressure The reduced pressure is defined as its actual pressure p {\displaystyle p} divided by its critical pressure p c {\displaystyle p_{ m {c}}} : p r = p p c {\displaystyle p_{ m {r}}={p \over p_{ m {c}}}} Reduced temperature The reduced temperature of a fluid is its actual temperature, divided by its critical temperature: T r = T T c {\displaystyle T_{ m {r}}={T \over T_{ m {c}}}} where the actual temperature and critical temperature are expressed in absolute temperature scales (either Kelvin or Rankine). Both the reduced tempe