Province of Burgos

The Province of Burgos (Spanish: Provincia de Burgos) is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It has a population of 362,663 in an area of 14,288.63 square kilometres (5,516.87 sq mi) across its 371 municipalities—the highest number of municipalities of any Spanish province.

The capital and largest city is Burgos, while other important urban centres include Miranda de Ebro and Aranda de Duero. It is bordered by the autonomous communities of Cantabria, the Basque Country (provinces of Biscay and Álava), and La Rioja, as well as by the provinces of Soria, Segovia, Valladolid, and Palencia, all within Castile and León. Together with Zaragoza, it is the Spanish province that borders the highest number of other provinces, with a total of eight.

The province has a diverse landscape and is crossed by two of the main river basins of the Iberian Peninsula: the Ebro in the north and the Douro in the south. Its territory includes mountainous and wooded areas such as the Iberian System in the southeast, including Pico San Millán, the highest peak in the province, and the Cantabrian Mountains in the north, as well as extensive plains and agricultural lands, with cereal farming in areas such as La Bureba and Odra-Pisuerga, alongside vineyards in the Ribera del Duero and Arlanza wine regions.

The province has significant historical importance, as it was a key territory in the formation of the Kingdom of Castile, and the city of Burgos served as an early capital. It is home to three UNESCOWorld Heritage Sites: the Archaeological Site of Atapuerca, which contains some of the oldest human remains in Europe; the Burgos Cathedral, a Gothic masterpiece; and the Camino de Santiago, one of the most important pilgrimage routes in Europe. Burgos is also rich in cultural and architectural heritage, with numerous monasteries, castles, and historic towns distributed throughout the province. In addition, the Cartularies of Valpuesta, from the burgalese monastery of , are considered to be among the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.