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Topic summary

Propionic acid

Related topics
Names Preferred IUPAC name
Propanoic acid
Other names
Carboxyethane
Ethanecarboxylic acid
Ethylformic acid
Metacetonic acid
Methylacetic acid
C3:0 (Lipid numbers)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard100.001.070EC Number
  • Propionic acid: 201-176-3
E numberE280 (preservatives)
  • Propionic acid: 1062
RTECS number
  • Propionic acid: UE5950000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H2,1H3,(H,4,5)
    Key: XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • Propionic acid: CCC(=O)O
  • Propionate: CCC(=O)[O-]
Properties C3H6O2Molar mass74.079 g·mol Appearance Colorless, oily liquid OdorPungent, rancid, unpleasant Density0.98797 g/cm Melting point−20.5 Â°C (−4.9 Â°F; 252.7 K) Boiling point141.15 Â°C (286.07 Â°F; 414.30 K) Sublimes at −48 Â°C
ΔsublH = 74 kJ/mol Miscible SolubilityMiscible in ethanol, ether, CHCl
3log P0.33 Vapor pressure0.32 kPa (20 Â°C)
0.47 kPa (25 Â°C)
9.62 kPa (100 Â°C) 4.45·10 L·atm/mol Acidity (pKa) 4.88 −43.50·10 cm/mol 1.3843 Viscosity1.175 cP (15 Â°C)
1.02 cP (25 Â°C)
0.668 cP (60 Â°C)
0.495 cP (90 Â°C) Structure Monoclinic (−95 Â°C) P21/c
a = 4.04 Ã…, b = 9.06 Ã…, c = 11 Ã…
α = 90°, β = 91.25°, γ = 90°
0.63 D (22 Â°C) Thermochemistry 152.8 J/mol·K 191 J/mol·K −510.8 kJ/mol 1527.3 kJ/mol Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Corrosive GHS labelling: DangerH314P280, P305+P351+P338, P310NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
2
0
Flash point54 Â°C (129 Â°F; 327 K) 512 Â°C (954 Â°F; 785 K) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 1370 mg/kg (mouse, oral) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
none
REL (Recommended)
TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m) ST 15 ppm (45 mg/m)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
N.D. Related compounds Acetic acid
Lactic acid
3-Hydroxypropionic acid
Tartronic acid
Acrylic acid
Butyric acid
Related compounds
1-Propanol
Propionaldehyde
Sodium propionate
Propionic anhydride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C [77 Â°F], 100 kPa).

Propionic acid (, from the Greek words πρῶτος : prōtos, meaning "first", and πίων : píōn, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formulaCH
3CH
2CO
2H. It is an oily liquid with a pungent and unpleasant smell. The anionCH
3CH
2CO
2 as well as the salts and esters of propionic acid are known as propionates or propanoates. Propionic acid is the third simplest carboxylic acid, with the first two being formic acid and acetic acid.

About half of the world production of propionic acid is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. It is also useful as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, especially polymers.

Wikipedia source