Topic summary
Pine tree
Extracted from the Wikipedia article Pine.
Species interactions
Pine needles serve as food for the caterpillar larvae of several moth species including the pine beauty, a pest of mature stands of pine trees, and the pine hawk-moth, a large species which causes only occasional damage. Some moths, notably the pine processionary, whose caterpillars can completely defoliate pine trees, and the pine-tree lappet, are serious pests of commercial forestry.