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Perchloric acid

Perchloric acid
60% Perchloric acid
Names Systematic IUPAC name
Perchloric acid
Other names
Hyperchloric acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.028.648EC Number
  • 231-512-4
RTECS number
  • SC7500000
UNII
UN number1873
  • InChI=1S/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5)
    Key: VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5)
    Key: VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYAD
  • O[Cl+3]([O-])([O-])[O-]
Properties HClO4Molar mass100.45 g·mol Appearance colorless liquid Odorodorless Density1.768 g/cm Melting point−17 °C (1 °F; 256 K) (72% aqueous solution)
−112 °C (anhydrous) Boiling point203 °C (397 °F; 476 K) (azeotrope)
75 °C (anhydrous, decomposition) Miscible Acidity (pKa) −15.2 (±2.0); ≈ −10 Conjugate basePerchlorateHazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Powerful oxidizer, highly corrosive, can explosively decompose in high concentrations (or as anhydrous liquid) GHS labelling: DangerH271, H290, H302, H314, H373P210, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P371, P375, P380NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
0
3
OX
Flash pointNon-flammable Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 1006Related compounds
Related compounds
Hydrochloric acid
Hypochlorous acid
Chlorous acid
Chloric acid
Perbromic acid
Periodic acid
Permanganic acid
Perrhenic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula HClO4. It is an oxoacid of chlorine. Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. It is a powerful oxidizer when hot, but aqueous solutions up to approximately 70% by weight at room temperature are generally safe, only showing strong acid features and no oxidizing properties. Perchloric acid is useful for preparing perchlorate salts, especially ammonium perchlorate, an important rocket fuel component. Perchloric acid is dangerously corrosive and readily forms potentially explosive mixtures.

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