New York Penn Station

Pennsylvania Station (also known as New York Penn Station or Penn Station) is the main intercityrailroad station in New York City and the busiest transportation facility in the Western Hemisphere, serving more than 600,000 passengers per weekday as of 2019. The station occupies a complex beneath and bounded by Seventh and Ninth avenues and 31st and 33rd streets, extending under Madison Square Garden and the James A. Farley Building, with additional exits to surrounding streets in Midtown Manhattan. The main concourse is located both beneath Madison Square Garden and within the Farley building, where it is known as Moynihan Train Hall. It is close to several popular locations, including the Empire State Building, Hudson Yards, Koreatown, and Macy's Herald Square.

Penn Station has 21 tracks fed by seven single-track tunnels: two North River Tunnels, four East River Tunnels, and the single-track Empire Connection tunnel. It is at the center of the Northeast Corridor, a passenger rail line that connects New York City with Boston to its north and Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., to its south, along with various intermediate stations. Intercity trains are operated by Amtrak, which owns the station, while commuter rail services are operated by the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) and NJ Transit (NJT). Connections are available within the complex to the New York City Subway and buses.

Penn Station is named for the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), its builder and original owner, and shares its name with several stations in other cities. The original Pennsylvania Station was an ornate station building designed by McKim, Mead, and White and considered a masterpiece of the Beaux-Arts style. Completed in 1910, it enabled direct rail access to New York City from the south for the first time. Its head house and train shed were torn down in 1963 at a time of low train ridership, with the rail infrastructure reconstituted as the smaller underground station that survives today. The New York Times editorial board described the demolition of the original station as a "monumental act of vandalism", and its destruction galvanized the modern historic preservation movement.

As rail travel increased again in the following decades, the underground station began to operate beyond its design capacity. By 2015, the station handled 650,000 travelers daily (more than the region's three major airports combined) and had become loathed for its cramped, claustrophobic conditions. The 2020s saw the opening of Moynihan Train Hall, a head house that expanded Penn Station into the Farley building, as well as expansion of the LIRR concourse and a new direct entrance from 33rd Street. Plans under development call for reconstruction of the core of the station, with competing proposals regarding the station's relationship to Madison Square Garden under consideration. Looking back on the pace of reconstruction since the announcement of Moynihan Hall in 1999, the Times noted in 2025 that "More than 25 years, five presidencies and four governors later, the plan to rebuild Penn Station is nowhere near completion."